Introduction; 1. The Transformation of the Tang Frontier Military; 2. The Battle of Talas (751 CE); 3. The An Lushan Rebellion and Its Consequences; 4. An Anti-Foreign (Or Anti-Sogdian) Backlash?; 5. The Uighur Crisis and the Huichang Persecution of 842–846; 6. Tang China and the Making of the Sinographic Sphere; Conclusion: The Fall of the Tang in East Asian History.