Language as a Scientific Tool: Shaping Scientific Language Across Time and National Traditions

ISBN-13: 9780367263928 / Angielski / Miękka / 2019 / 230 str.

Miles MacLeod; Rocio G. Sumillera; Jan Surman

Opis

Language is the most essential medium of scientific activity. Many historians, sociologists and science studies scholars have investigated scientific language for this reason, but only few have examined those cases where language itself has become an object of scientific discussion. Over the centuries scientists have sought to control, refine and engineer language for various epistemological, communicative and nationalistic purposes. This book seeks to explore cases in the history of science in which questions or concerns with language have bubbled to the surface in scientific discourse. This opens a window into the particular ways in which scientists have conceived of and construed language as the central medium of their activity across different cultural contexts and places, and the clashes and tensions that have manifested their many attempts to engineer it to both preserve and enrich its function. The subject of language draws out many topics that have mostly been neglected in the history of science, such as the connection between the emergence of national languages and the development of science within national settings, and allows us to connect together historical episodes from many understudied cultural and linguistic venues such as Eastern European and medieval Hebrew science.

Spis treści

1. Introduction  Miles MacLeod, Rocío G. Sumillera, Jan Surman and Ekaterina Smirnova  2. Modern Science and the Spirit of Language, Literature and Philology  Matthias Dörries  Part 1: Language, Rhetoric and History  3. How Language Became a Tool: The Reconceptualisation of Language and the Empirical Turn in Seventeenth-Century Britain  Miles MacLeod  4. The Beginnings of Scientific Terminology in Polish: Kłos’s Algorithmus (1538) and Grzepski’s Geometria (1566)  Jerzy Biniewicz  5. Language and History in the Context of the Société des Observateurs de l’Homme (1799-1804)  Martin Herrnstadt and Laurens Schlicht  6. Contested Boundaries: How Scientists Deal with Uncertainty and Ambiguity in Language  Priya Venkatesan Hays  Part 2: The Creation of Scientific Terminology  7. Reading Astrolabes in Medieval Hebrew  Josefina Rodríguez Arribas  8. Opyt in the Social Lexicon of Modernity: The Experience/Experiment Dichotomy  Ekaterina Smirnova  9. Linguistic Precision and Scientific Accuracy: Searching for the Proper Name of "Oxygen" in French, Danish and Polish  Jan Surman  10. Mathematical Machines: Automating Thinking?  Helena Durnová  Part 3: Imagining Universal Languages  11. 17th-Century British Projects for a Universal Language and Their Reception in the Augustan Age: The Cases of John Wilkins and Jonathan Swift  Rocío G. Sumillera  12. One Second Language for Mankind: The Rise and Decline of the World Auxiliary Language Movement in the Belle Époque  Markus Krajewski  13. Impacts of a Global Language on Science: Are There Disadvantages?  Scott L. Montgomery

O autorze

Miles MacLeod is Assistant Professor for Philosophy of Science at the University of Twente, The Netherlands.

Rocío G. Sumillera is Assistant Professor of English Literature at the University of Valencia.

Jan Surman is Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Leibniz Graduate School at the Herder Institute for Historical Research on East Central Europe in Marburg.

Ekaterina Smirnova is currently affiliated with Sciences Po (Paris) and the STS Center in EUSP.