Preface by Ted Reed 1 Introduction 3 1. We Lived in Our Own Little World 9 2. Getting an Education, Separate Not Equal 21 3. Charleston the Slave Port 31 4. A City Is Born: It Grows on the Backs of Slaves 38 5. The War for Freedom Leaves Many Enslaved 48 6. South Carolina Declares War on the United States 54 7. Ex-Slaves Form a Labor Union and It Folds 65 8. Charleston Rots and Then Rebounds 74 9. George Washington German Brings the Union Back 82 10. On the Waterfront 93 11. Containers Take Over the World 103 12. A Sixties Kid Takes Over Local 1422 113 13. A World Beyond Charleston 120 14. The Charleston Five 130 15. Lessons Learned from the Charleston Five 139 16. A Charleston Guy Finds Allies in New York and San Francisco 150 17. The Family Politics of Local 1422 159 18. For Labor, South Carolina Is Tough, but "The Union Is Anomalous" 168 19. Riley Looks to Retirement 179 Chapter Notes 187 Bibliography 197 Index 201