Jellyfish Blooms: New Problems and Solutions

ISBN-13: 9789400792821 / Angielski / Miękka / 2014 / 234 str.

Jennifer E. Purcell; Dror L. Angel

Opis

This volume provides an identification key for the ephyrae of 18 common scyphozoan species, documents the Mediterranean-wide bloom of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, and addresses the direct effects of ocean acidification on jellyfish.

Spis treści

Preface.- Identification key for young ephyrae: a first step for early detection of jellyfish blooms.- Blooms of the invasive ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, span the Mediterranean Sea in 2009.- Effects of pH on asexual reproduction and statolith formation of the scyphozoan, Aurelia labiata.- Effects of low salinity on settlement and strobilation of scyphozoa (Cnidaria): Is the lion’s mane Cyanea capillata (L.) able to reproduce in the brackish Baltic Sea?.- Effects of El Niño-driven environmental variability on black turtle migration to Peruvian foraging grounds.- Recurrence of bloom-forming scyphomedusae: wavelet analysis of a 200-year time series.- Behavior of Nemopsis bachei L. Agassiz, 1849 medusae in the presence of physical gradients and biological thin layers.- Avoidance of hydrodynamically mixed environments by Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora: Lobata) in open-sea populations from Patagonia, Argentina.- Response of Chrysaora quinquecirrha medusae to low temperature.- Use of respiration rates of scyphozoan jellyfish to estimate their effects on the food web.- Planktonic cnidarian distribution and feeding of Pelagia noctiluca in the NW Mediterranean Sea.- Bioenergetics and growth in the ctenophore Pleurobrachia pileus.- Degradation of the Adriatic medusa Aurelia sp. by ambient bacteria.- Identification of jellyfish from Continuous Plankton Recorder samples.- Separation and analysis of different types of nematocysts from Cyanea capillata (L.) medusae.- Characterisation of neurotoxic polypeptides from Cyanea capillata medusae (Scyphozoa).- Gill cell toxicity of northern boreal scyphomedusae Cyanea capillata and Aurelia aurita measured by an in vitro cell assay.

Blurb

The first Jellyfish Blooms volume was published in 2001. Since that time, reports of human problems with jellyfish, as well as public and scientific awareness of the importance of jellyfish in coastal waters have increased dramatically. At the same time, the severity of the many complex environmental problems in the global ocean and awareness of those problems also has increased dramatically. The accelerating degradation of the oceans from over-harvesting of commercial species, eutrophication, decreased oxygen, climate change, and species introductions may be promoting the expanding problems with jellyfish.

Jellyfish Blooms: New Problems and Solutions is the third volume in this series. Syntheses and original research articles provide an identification key for the ephyrae of 18 common scyphozoan species, document the Mediterranean-wide bloom of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, and address the direct effects of ocean acidification on jellyfish for the first time. The influence of climate change on jellyfish blooms is covered in several papers. New methods are presented for large-scale estimation of scyphomedusan occurrence with the Continuous Plankton Recorder and trophic effects as estimated by respiration. Moreover, novel approaches are described for study of medusan toxicity. This is a key reference for students and professional marine biologists, oceanographers, and fishery scientists and managers