Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop: Volume 1: Farming, Economics and Biofuel

ISBN-13: 9781489997036 / Angielski / Miękka / 2015 / 600 str.

Nicolas Carels; Mulpuri Sujatha; Bir Bahadur

Opis

Jatropha curcas or Physic Nut is a small tree (bush plant) that produces fruits under tropical climate. The fruits contained seed that are 40% oil rich. This oil is excellent for biodiesel. The bush is a now new coming crop because it may cope with harsh environmental conditions such as semi-aridity and poor land. It is considered as one alternative for climate mitigation that does not compete with arable land normally dedicated to food crop and can be used to regain degraded land or fight desertification. This bush has been considered seriously by the international community only recently ( 2006-2008), but worldwide scientists did an outstanding job to drawn Jatropha out of its semi-wild status and bring it on the industrial scene. Problems remains, but we have now a comprehensive picture of this crop and almost every technological challenged were addressed. From now, the job will have to concentrate on breeding in order to domesticate this species. Therefore, it is the right time to sum up worldwide contributions in a comprehensive book with a breeding looking to improve the chance of this plant to stabilize as a crop and to fulfil with the expectations that humans invested in it. A book with this perspective will help international community to give a step on. The book will be a broad and comprehensive look on Jatropha until the details since the book is being contributed by international experts worldwide that have already published works in the international press of Science. Illustrations, tables geographic maps, GPS location, etc are added by each contributors according to the feeling they have concerning what they think their contribution should be. This book will benefit the scientific community immensely. Being aware of any challenges related to Jatropha, i.e. (i) its economy in Asia (India, China) and South America (Brazil), (ii) basics of biofuel technology, (iii) physiology, (iv) farming, (v) byproducts, (vi) biotechnology, (vii) genetic resource (germplasm) and their benefit for the crop by genetic transfer, (viii) genetic map, (ix) comparative genetics, (x) genomics. Breeders and technologist will have access to a complete digested view on Jatropha to decide where and how they should move on with their investigations.

Spis treści

Part 1 - Worldwide importance of Jatropha

1.      Global status of bioenergy research and Jatropha: A Review

C Prathibha Devi

Department of Botany

Osmania University, Hyderabad, INDIA

2.      The economic importance of Jatropha for India                    

Krishna Kumar

Plant Metabolic Engineering Group

Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Center

Mumbai, INDIA

3.      The economic importance of Jatropha in China         

Gehua Wang

Tsinghua Institute of Nuclear Energy and New Energy

Tsinghua University, CHINA

4.      The economic importance of Jatropha in Brazil         

Bruno Galvêas Laviola

Embrapa Agroenergia (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation)

Brasilia, BRAZIL

           

Part 2 - Biology and reproduction  

5.      Wood  anatomy of Indian Jatrophas  

Bir Bahadur

P Ramachandra Reddy, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, INDIA

KV Krishnamurthy, Bharathidasan University, INDIA

6.      Laticifers of Jatrophas           

KV Krishnamurthy, Padma Venkatasubramanium and S Lalitha

Bharathidasan University, INDIA

7.      Breeding system and pollination Biology of  Jatropha curcas L: A Review 

AJ Solomon Raju

Department of Environmental Sciences

Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, INDIA

8.      LM and SEM of pollen in Indian species of Jatropha L. (Euphorbiaceae)   

Bir Bahadur, GVS Murthy and  M Sujatha 

9.      Structure and development of  fruit and seed  of Jatropha gossypifolia L   

SM Khasim, Ramana Rao TV, Ramesh G and Hemalatha S

Coastal Agricultural Research Station, Karachi, PAKISTAN

10.  Climate and Physiological Constraints on cultivation in the United States

Wagner Veldrame and Robert Schmidt

Tropical Research & Education Center
Homestead, FL, USA

***Invited and agreed after his review was received. Editors did not know that he had reviewed the project.

11.  Embryology of Jatrophas: A Review

KV Krishnamurthy

 

Part 3-  Farming and Agriculture   

12.  Jatropha  curcas and crop management         

Koteswara Rao

Nandan Biomatrix Limited, Andra Pradesh, INDIA

13.  Jatropha  Pests and diseases in India 

K Anith and K S Varaprasad

Plant Metabolic Engineering Group

Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Center

Mumbai, INDIA

14.  Phytosanitary aspect of Jatropha farming in Brazil   

De Resende et al.

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BRAZIL

15.  Phytotechnical aspects of Jatropha farming in Brazil

De Resende et al.

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BRAZIL

16.  Agro-ecological conditions, agronomic practices and farming system value of Jatropha in sub-Saharan Africa           

R. Jingura

Chinhoyi University of Technology, Research Directorate

Chinhoyi, ZIMBABWE

17.  The Jatropha culture systems, growth and productivity, seed traits and genetic diversity of Jatropha in Sudano-Sahelian zone of Senegal      

Ousmane Ouattara

African Centre for Plant Oil Technology

Mali-Folkecenter, Bamako, REPUBLIC OF MALI

 

Part 4 - Genetic diversity of Jatropha and domestication

18.  Jatropha curcas: Origin, domestication and diversity distribution    

K S Varaprasad, Sunil Neelam and Anitha    

Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Center

Mumbai, INDIA

19.  Systematics of Indian Jatrophas and their Economic importance     

T.Pullaiah and GVS Murthy  

S. K. University, Anantpur, INDIA

20.  Genetic diversity in Mexican germplasm       

Ovando-Medina et al.

Centro de Biociencias

Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula, MEXICO   

21.  Genetic diversity of Jatropha in Brazil          

Catarina Lira-Medeiros

Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro - Botanical Garden
Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL       

22.  Genetic diversity of Jatropha in Africa          

Machua et al.  

Biotechnology Laboratory

Kenya Forestry Research Institute, NAIROBI

23.  Towards Jatropha domestication the integration of sciences

            Nicolas Carels

24.  Karyology and genomics of  Jatropha and future prospects 

Muppala P Reddy,  DV Pamidimarri, N Sudheer  S G Mastan,  H Rahman, Nicolas Carels  and Bir Bahadur         

25.  The the methylome and the selective breeding of Jatropha   

Yan HONG

Director of Plant Biology

Strategic Research Program of Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, SINGAPORE 

26.  Comparative Genomics in Euphorbiaceae     

Rajinder Singh Chauhan

Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, INDIA 

27.  The genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas through selection and  breeding         

Jitendra C, Arup Ghosh and Aruna R Prakash  

Central Salt and Marine Chemicals

Research Institute, Bhavnagar, INDIA         

28.  Genetic improvement of Jatropha      

VK Gour

Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics

J.N. Agricultural University, Krishinagar, INDIA     

29.  Studies on Jatropha curcas L and its improvement through induced mutation         

SK Datta and RK  Pandey

Bose Biotechnology Innovation Center, Bose Institute, INDIA      

30.  ECO-TILLING in Jatropha   

Magrit Laimer and Fatemah Maghuly

Plant Biotechnology Unit, Dept. Biotechnology,

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, AUSTRIA

31.  The genomics of Jatropha      

Tabata et al.    

Laboratory of Dynamic Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology

Osaka University, Osaka, JAPAN

32.  Jatropha proteomics   

 Ajay Kohli     

Institute for Research on Environment & Sustainability (IRES)

Newcastle, UNITED KINGDOM

                       

Part 5 - Jatropha’s germplasm

33.  Genetic diversity and molecular markers  in Jatropha species           

M Sujatha       

34.  Interspecific Hybridization in the genus Jatropha and future prospects       

M Sujatha and Bir Bahadur and TP Reddy   

35.  Intergeneric hybridization and affinities with related genera

TP Reddy, Sathaiah, M Sujatha and Bir Bahadur     

36.  Conservation strategies and management of Jatropha germplasm    

J Radhamani and N Sivaraj

Germplasm Conservation Division

NBPGR, New Delhi, INDIA

37.  Jatropha’s germplasm manipulation in Brazil

            Daniela de Argollo Marques  

Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, BRAZIL

38.  Micropropagation of Jatropha curcas for large scale multiplication of  quality germplasm    Aneesha Singh  and J Chikara 

Central Salt and Marine Chemicals

Research Institute, Bhavnagar, INDIA         

 

 

KV Krishnamurthy

 

Part 3-  Farming and Agriculture   

12.  Jatropha  curcas and crop management         

Koteswara Rao

Nandan Biomatrix Limited, Andra Pradesh, INDIA

13.  Jatropha  Pests and diseases in India 

K Anith and K S Varaprasad

Plant Metabolic Engineering Group

Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Center

Mumbai, INDIA

14.  Phytosanitary aspect of Jatropha farming in Brazil   

De Resende et al.

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BRAZIL

15.  Phytotechnical aspects of Jatropha farming in Brazil

De Resende et al.

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BRAZIL

16.  Agro-ecological conditions, agronomic practices and farming system value of Jatropha in sub-Saharan Africa           

R. Jingura

Chinhoyi University of Technology, Research Directorate

Chinhoyi, ZIMBABWE

17.  The Jatropha culture systems, growth and productivity, seed traits and genetic diversity of Jatropha in Sudano-Sahelian zone of Senegal      

Ousmane Ouattara

African Centre for Plant Oil Technology

Mali-Folkecenter, Bamako, REPUBLIC OF MALI

 

Part 4 - Genetic diversity of Jatropha and domestication

18.  Jatropha curcas: Origin, domestication and diversity distribution    

K S Varaprasad, Sunil Neelam and Anitha    

Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Center

Mumbai, INDIA

19.  Systematics of Indian Jatrophas and their Economic importance     

T.Pullaiah and GVS Murthy  

S. K. University, Anantpur, INDIA

20.  Genetic diversity in Mexican germplasm       

Ovando-Medina et al.

Centro de Biociencias

Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula, MEXICO   

21.  Genetic diversity of Jatropha in Brazil          

Catarina Lira-Medeiros

Instituto de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro - Botanical Garden
Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL       

22.  Genetic diversity of Jatropha in Africa          

Machua et al.  

Biotechnology Laboratory

Kenya Forestry Research Institute, NAIROBI

23.  Towards Jatropha domestication the integration of sciences

            Nicolas Carels

24.  Karyology and genomics of  Jatropha and future prospects 

Muppala P Reddy,  DV Pamidimarri, N Sudheer  S G Mastan,  H Rahman, Nicolas Carels  and Bir Bahadur         

25.  The the methylome and the selective breeding of Jatropha   

Yan HONG

Director of Plant Biology

Strategic Research Program of Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, SINGAPORE 

26.  Comparative Genomics in Euphorbiaceae     

Rajinder Singh Chauhan

Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, INDIA 

27.  The genetic improvement of Jatropha curcas through selection and  breeding         

Jitendra C, Arup Ghosh and Aruna R Prakash  

Central Salt and Marine Chemicals

Research Institute, Bhavnagar, INDIA         

28.  Genetic improvement of Jatropha      

VK Gour

Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics

J.N. Agricultural University, Krishinagar, INDIA     

29.  Studies on Jatropha curcas L and its improvement through induced mutation         

SK Datta and RK  Pandey

Bose Biotechnology Innovation Center, Bose Institute, INDIA      

30.  ECO-TILLING in Jatropha   

Magrit Laimer and Fatemah Maghuly

Plant Biotechnology Unit, Dept. Biotechnology,

University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, AUSTRIA

31.  The genomics of Jatropha      

Tabata et al.    

Laboratory of Dynamic Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology

Osaka University, Osaka, JAPAN

32.  Jatropha proteomics   

 Ajay Kohli     

Institute for Research on Environment & Sustainability (IRES)

Newcastle, UNITED KINGDOM

                       

Part 5 - Jatropha’s germplasm

33.  Genetic diversity and molecular markers  in Jatropha species           

M Sujatha       

34.  Interspecific Hybridization in the genus Jatropha and future prospects       

M Sujatha and Bir Bahadur and TP Reddy   

35.  Intergeneric hybridization and affinities with related genera

TP Reddy, Sathaiah, M Sujatha and Bir Bahadur     

36.  Conservation strategies and management of Jatropha germplasm    

J Radhamani and N Sivaraj

Germplasm Conservation Division

NBPGR, New Delhi, INDIA

37.  Jatropha’s germplasm manipulation in Brazil

            Daniela de Argollo Marques  

Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, BRAZIL

38.  Micropropagation of Jatropha curcas for large scale multiplication of  quality germplasm    Aneesha Singh  and J Chikara 

Central Salt and Marine Chemicals

Research Institute, Bhavnagar, INDIA         

 

 

O autorze

Nicolas Carels has been graduate in Agronomy in Belgium and did a PhD in plant pathology (FUSAGx, Gembloux) prior to work as a scientist on the elaboration of the first genetic map of sugarbeet at the end of the 1980's (ICIseed-SES, Belgium). He then moved to Paris (IJM, CNRS, France) where he did a PhD on the genome organization in plants. He continued his work on genomics in Italy (SZN, Naples) and Spain (INTA-CAB, Madrid, Torrejon de Ardoz) prior to move to Brazil (Bahia, Ilhéus, UESC) where he contributed to the application of bioinformatics and genomics to the improvement of Cacao and Rubber Tree for resistance to fungal diseases. He took Jatropha at its beginning when it was declared a strategic crop for the Brazilian economy by President Lula. His investigations covered the measure of the genome size by flow cytometry and the application of reverse genetics to detect QTLs for oil production with the purpose of breeding Jatropha for this trait. He also published an extensive review (ABR) on Jatropha and more recently an overview on the bioenergies (InTech) with special concern for climate change mitigation and biodiversity preservation. He is now a Federal Officer of Fiocruz (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and is interested by the exploration of genomics, bioinformatics and natural products for the human health benefit.

Mulpuri Sujatha has been graduated in Plant Sciences by the University of Hyderabad (UoH), India. She has a PhD in Genetics from Osmania University, Hyderabad (OU) and worked on intergeneric and interspecific affinities between Ricinus and Jatropha. She made significant contributions for the genetic improvement of oilseed crops through genetics, tissue culture and biotechnological tools. The important achievements include development of male sterility systems in safflower, sunflower and niger; reliable and efficient tissue culture and transformation protocols for sunflower, castor, niger, safflower, and Jatropha. The genetic transformation protocols developed are being used for development of insect resistant transgenics through deployment of suitable Cry genes in castor, development of transgenic male sterility and fertility restoration system in safflower and development of transgenics for resistance to necrosis disease in sunflower. Her experience in molecular markers resulted in mapping of downy mildew resistance gene (Pl13) in sunflower besides development of appropriate molecular markers for distinguishing the toxic and non-toxic accessions of Jatropha curcas.

Bir Bahadur has graduated from Nizam College and Post-graduated from University college, Osmania University, Hyderabad  India. He obtained his PhD in Plant Genetics from Osmania university and was closely associated with Prof. J.B.S. Haldane, FRS, the renowned Geneticist of last century. He advised, guided and encouraged him  to study heterostyly and incompatibility in Indian plant species, a subject first studied by Charles Darwin in England about 160 years back. He made significant contributions in several areas of plant biology especially in incompatibility, mutagenesis, morphogenesis, tissue culture, and organism asymmetry.,application of SEM in plant sciences He published over 250 research papers, which are well received and quoted in national and international journals, including number of theses and several publications on Jatropha and Castor. He served Osmania and Kakatiya Universities as Lecturer, Reader and Professor, also served as Chairman, Head of Department, Dean of the Faculty of Science ,Kakatiya University,Warangal.  He has taught the genetics, biotechnology and reproduction of plants for over 40 years and accumulated research experience in these areas for about 50 years. He was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Institute of Genetics of Hungarian Academy (Budapest), recipient of the Royal Society Bursary, London and Honorary Research Fellow at the Birmingham University (UK). He has been invited speaker of over 100 conferences including Max Plank Institute, Koln (Germany), Institute of Genetics (Budapest), Birmingham (UK), University Texas, Houstan (USA) and Missouri University, St Louis (USA), Sabrao conference, Szukoba, Tokyo (Japan), Indian Science Congress etc. He has authored / edited 8 books and was Chief Editor of both Proceedings of Andhra Pradesh Akademi of Sciences (Hyderabad, India) and Journal of Palynology (Lucknow, India). He is on the   editorial boards of several Journals in India. He is recipient of Best Teacher Award by A.P. state Government and Prof. Vishwamber Puri, Gold Medal of Indian Botanical Society for his original contributions in various aspects of plant sciences.   He is fellow of over dozen professional bodies in India and abroad including the  Fellow of Linnean Society, London, Fellow of Institute of Biology, and Chartered Biologist, London, Fellow of New York Academy of Sciences.  He has been recently awarded the Bharath Jyoti Award for his sustained academic and research career at New Delhi. Presently he is on the Board of Directors of Sribiotech, Hyderabad, India.

Blurb

Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop, Volume 1 reports on the state of the art of scientific investigations on the new crop Jatropha curcas made during the past decade. The progresses obtained on the knowledge of this abstemious, semi-wild species are already impressive and were mainly achieved in just a decade (2001- 2011). This knowledge extends from basic Jatropha physiology and biological reproduction to the basic agronomic practices and systems for its productive management, but also the complete set of biotechnological tools, such as in vitro culture, genetic transformation, genomic sequence, genetic map, and markers assisted selection that are necessary for its selective breeding. These scientific and technological achievements paved the way for the future technological management and domestication of Jatropha as an industrial oilseed crop able to contribute to the feeding of the transport system.

The two book series on Jatropha is the first comprehensive compilation by global experts. It is an essential text in view of the importance that Jatropha demonstrated worldwide by its large scale cultivation and emerging value for energy business as a biofuel. This first volume is presented in five units comprising 30 chapters covering the main aspects of the worldwide economic importance of Jatropha as well as its physiology, farming, oil processing, by-products, biodiesel, and biofuel combustion. Volume 1 provides a comprehensive picture on the whole productive chain of Jatropha and helps the reader to make a mental representation concerning the potential of Jatropha as a crop.