Ionospheric Delay Investigation and Forecasting

ISBN-13: 9789811650444 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 115 str.

Elmunim N. a.; Abdullah M

Spis treści

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1              Background    

 

CHAPTER II     

OVERVIEW OF THE GPS AND IONOSPHERE

2.1       Overview of the GPS  

2.2       GPS Components        

2.2.1    Space Segment          

2.2.2    Control Segment        

2.2.3    User Segment

2.3       GPS Signals Structure 

2.4       GPS Observables        

2.5       GPS Time and Coordinates    

2.6       Source of Error in GPS Signal and Modeling 

2.6.1    Random Noise Measurement

2.6.2    Multipath       

2.6.3    Clock Error     

2.6.4    Ephemeris Error         

2.6.5    Tropospheric Delay    

2.6.6    Ionospheric Delay      

2.7       Formation of the Ionosphere 

2.8       Structures of the Ionosphere 

2.8.1    D Layer           

2.8.2    E Layer

2.8.3    F Layer

2.9       Total Electron Content           

2.10     Geomagnetic Regions of the Ionosphere      

2.11     Major Ionospheric Variations

2.11.1  Solar Cycle Variations

2.11.2  Diurnal Variations      

2.11.3  Seasonal Variations   

2.11.4  Geomagnetic Activity Effects 

2.11.5  Latitudinal Variations

2.12     Ionospheric Geomagnetic Storm Disturbances         

2.13     Ionospheric Modeling Approaches    

2.14     Comparison of the Ionospheric Models        

2.15     Variations of the Ionospheric Delay  

 

CHAPTER III     METHODOLOGY

3.1       GPS Scintillation and TEC Monitoring System           

3.1.1    GISTM Data Recording          

3.1.2    GISTM Data Processing          

3.1.3    GISTM Stations Networks over Malaysia      

3.2       GPS Receiver and Data Processing    

3.3       Data Used       

3.4       Analysis of the VTEC and Ionospheric Delay 

3.5       Holt-Winter Method  

3.6       Error Measurements 

3.7       Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model  

3.8       International Reference Ionosphere Model  

 

CHAPTER IV     IONOSPHERIC DELAY FORECASTING

4.1       Holt-Winter Models   

4.1.1    Comparison of the A-HW and M-HW Holt-Winter Models   

4.1.2    Error Variations of the Models          

4.2       Variations of Ionospheric Delay Forecasting 

4.2.1    Diurnal Variations      

4.2.2    Monthly Variations    

4.2.3    Seasonal Variations   

4.2.4    Perturbation of the Ionospheric Delay During Disturbed Period      

4.2.5    Comparison of The Holt-Winter Method and The ARIMA Model     

4.3       Summary

 

CHAPTER V      COMPARISON OF VTEC VARIATIONS WITH HOLT-WINTER METHOD AND IRI MODEL

5.1       VTEC Variations in Different Stations over Malaysia

5.1.1    Diurnal Variations      

5.1.2    Daily Variations During the Quiet Period      

5.1.3    Daily Variations During the Disturbed Period

5.1.4    Evaluating the Method During the Quiet and Disturbed Periods     

5.2       Comparison of The Holt-Winter Method with the IRI Model

5.2.1    Diurnal Variations      

5.2.2    Monthly Variations    

5.2.3    Seasonal Variations   

5.3       Comparison of The Holt-Winter Method with the IRI Model During the Quiet and Disturbed Periods           

5.3.1    Daily Variations During the Quiet Period      

5.3.2    Daily Variations During the Disturbed Period

5.4       Summary

           

CHAPTER VI     CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS

6.1       Conclusions    

6.2       Future Works 

REFERENCES  

Appendix A      GSV4004B System and Data Log Processing

Appendix B      Analysis Result​

O autorze

Nouf Abd Elmunim is currently an assistant professor, in the Electrical Department, College of Engineering, at Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Saudi Arabia. She holds a PhD from the National University of Malaysia, Faculty of Engineering and Space Science Centre at Malaysia, with a focus of upper atmospheric layer, GPS satellite signals, and ionospheric models.

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