Ion Measurements in Physiology and Medicine

ISBN-13: 9783540154686 / Angielski / Miękka / 1985 / 336 str.

Manfred Kessler; David K. Harrison; Jens Haper

Opis

The first International Symposium on Theory and Applica- tion of Ion and Enzyme Electrodes in Biology and Medicine was organized at SchloB Reisensburg near Ulm in 1974. The concept of this meeting was to discuss the theory and applica- tion of carrier operated electrodes within an interdisciplinary group of investigators coming from physical chemistry, or- ganic chemistry, physiology, biochemistry and medicine. Be- cause of its interdisciplinary character, the Symposium proved to be very productive and further meetings based on the same principle were held at the Max-Planck-Institut fUr Systemphysiologie in Dortmund in 1977 and 1980. For the 1983 meeting it was decided to return to the ethe- real atmosphere of a castle (Burg Rabenstein) set in the beau- tiful surroundings of Swiss Franconia. Participation was re- stricted to those involved in the theoretical, experimental and clinical applications of ion selective electrodes. In this way a critical mass was achieved whereby an infor- mation transfer was induced between groups who had previ- ously had little or no communication with each other. We hope that this interdisciplinary spirit may encourage and stimulate those scientists and clinicians who are considering entering the field of ion investigations and that this book may serve as a compendium of current ion selective electrode methodology and ideas, together with their application in the- oretical fields, physiology and medicine.

Spis treści

Ion Transport in Asymmetric Artificial Membranes Mediated by Neutral Carriers.- Neutral Carriers for Anions.- Effects of Lipophilic Charged Sites on the Electromotive Behavior of Liquid Membrane Electrodes.- Transients in Ion-Sensitive Field Effect Transistors.- The Response Mechanism of Copper Ion-Selective Electrodes in the Presence of Halides and Organic Ligands.- Structure of the Double Layer and Rates of Ion Crossings at “Single” Immiscible Liquid/Liquid Interfaces: Relation to the Mechanism of Liquid Ion-Selective Electrodes.- Lifetime of Neutral Carrier-Based Membranes in Aqueous Systems and Blood Serum.- Serotonin, Dopamine, and Related Molecules are Transported Selectively by Noncyclic Neutral Li+-Selective Ionophores: Implications for Electrodes and for Neurobiological Studies.- Recent Studies on the Energy Profiles Underlying Permeation and Ion-Selectivity of the Gramicidin and Acetylcholine Receptor Channels.- Surface and Volume Resitivity of Pyrex Glass Used for Liquid Membrane Ion-Sensitive Microelectrodes.- A New pO2-Potential Electrode.- A New Potential Electrode for Glucose Measurements.- Ion-Sensitive Plunge Wire Electrodes for Intramyocardial pH and K+ Determinations.- Computer-Assisted Processing of Ion-Selective Electrode Measurements.- Intracellular pH Measurements In Vivo with a Newly Designed Double-Barrelled Microelectrode and its Application During Skeletal Muscle Ischemia in Rabbits.- Continuous Potentiometric Measurement of Different Ion Concentrations in Whole Blood of the Extracorporeal Circulation.- Monitoring Ca2+, pH, and PCO2 in Circulating Arterial Blood by Means of Ion-Selective Electrodes in a Flow Cell.- Plastic H+-Sensitive Membranes for In Vivo pH Measurements.- The Applicability of Fluorescence Indicators to Measure Hydrogen Ion Activities by Optimizing Accuracy and Minimizing the Influence of Ionic Strength.- Measurements of the Elemental Distribution in Cells and Tissues by X-Ray Microanalysis.- A Method for Determination of Fast Changes in Capillary Permeability.- The Sodium Pump in Necturus Gallbladder Epithelium.- On the Mechanism of Cl? Transport in Surface Epithelial Cells of Frog Stomach as Investigated with Intracellular Chloride Microelectrodes.- The Advantages of Transient Experiments over Steady State Experiments.- Thiocyanate Interference at Chloride-Selective Microelectrodes in Crayfish Stretch Receptor Neurons: Evidence for a Non-passive Thiocyanate Distribution.- Ion Activity Measurements in Extracellular Spaces, Nerve and Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System of the Leech.- Ionic Movements Related to GAB A Action on Neurosecretory Fibers and Endocrine Cells of the Hypophyseal Neurointermediate Lobe.- Changes of Intracellular Free Ion Concentrations, Evoked by Carbachol or GABA, in Rat Sympathetic Neurons.- Brain Extracellular pH Changes During Alterations in Substrate Supply.- Potassium Uptake Mechanisms of Cultured Oligodendrocytes Studied with Ion-Sensitive Electrodes.- Relations Between DC Potentials, Extracellular Ion Activities, and Extracellular Volume Fraction in the Cerebral Cortex with Changes in PCO2.- Developmental Studies on Brain Extracellular Space: Activity-Dependent K+ Accumulation and Shrinkage.- Extracellular K+Accumulation in the Spinal Cord and its Role in Primary Afferent Depolarization and Poststimulation Analgesia.- Laminar Profiles of [K+]O and [Ca2+]O in Region CA1 of the Hippocampus of Kindled Rats.- Hydrogen Ion Variations and Their Interpretation in the Microenvironment of the Vertebrate Brain.- Some Aspects of Non-ionic Permeation of NH3 and CO2 in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle.- Effect of Hypocalcemia on Neuromuscular Function in Cats.- Arterial Blood Ca2+ Levels, Cardiac and Respiratory Function.- Effects of Thallous Ions on the Measurement of Intracellular Ion Activities.- Effect of Coronary Stenosis on Local K+ Activity, Local pO2 and Wall Motion.- Measurement of Inhomogeneous Changes of Extracellular K+ Concentration Within the Ischemic Myocardium.- Antipyrylazo III Measurements of Extracellular Ca Depletion in Heart Muscle.- Temperature Dependence of the Cardiac Na+-K+ Pump as Studied by Na-Sensitive Microelectrodes.- In Vivo Performance of an Intravascular pH Monitoring Catheter.- Continuous Intravascular Monitoring of Plasma Ionized Calcium.- Continuous Measurement of Potassium Concentration in Blood During Hemodialysis with an Ion-Specific Electrode.- Electrolyte Activities in Cl?-Transporting Epithelia: Cortical Thick Ascending Limb of Rabbit Nephron and Rectal Gland Tubules of the Spiny Dogfish, Squalus acanthias.- The Effect of Ouabain on Intracellular Ion Activities, Membrane Resistances, and Sodium-Coupled Transport Processes.- Mechanisms of Renal Tubular Acidification: Intracellular Studies with pH and Bicarbonate Microelectrodes.- Author Index.