Invertebrate Bacteriology: Function, Evolution and Biological Ties

ISBN-13: 9789402408829 / Angielski / Twarda / 2016 / 349 str.

Aurelio Ciancio

Opis

This compendium reviews different processes acting on bacterial groups that evolved one or more relationships with members of the most important invertebrate Phyla. Starting from principles of basic bacteriology the book provides data on bacteria interactions with pests, animal or human diseases. Being present in all environments, from deep see to crops, animals or plants, invertebrates represent the most significant and ancient fraction of the eukaryotic biomass on earth. Their evolutive adaptations and links with bacteria, established over time scales of ages, range from vectored diseases to speciation, within a wide range of environmental niches and biocenosis, including oceanic hydrothermal vents. Main functional processes include pathogenicity, parasitism, transmission, immunity, symbiosis and speciation. A review about recent advances achieved in these research topics is given, focussing on one or more aspects concerning significant evolutive paths of bacteria and underlying functional links. Rather than proceeding through the order and structure of taxonomies, the volume is organized by processes, examining their functional role in different lineages, including but not limited to insects or nematodes. Processes involved in parasitism focus, at a finer level, on examples from many taxa. Molecular aspects underpinning these and other functional processes include the effects of horizontal gene transfer, the mechanisms active in immune defense and vectoring, and the antibacterial peptides. Finally, the effects of climate warming, biological invasions and agriculture are examined, with particular attention to farming and environment.

Spis treści

SECTION I - STRUCTURE AND GENERAL PROCESSES

I The Bacterial Cell  

1 Introduction

2 Structure and Functioning

2.1 The cell wall

2.2 Secretion Systems (SS)

2.3 Cytoskeleton

2.4 Chromosome and Plasmids

2.5 Flagella and Pili

2.6 Quorum Sensing

2.6 CRISPR-CAS System

3 Metabolism

4 Identification

II Bacteria and Eukaryotes Evolution

1 Introduction

2 Evolutionary Processes

3 Bacterial Diversity

4 Eukaryota and Metazoa Evolution

3 Symbiotic Relationships

1 Introduction

2 Symbiosis and Evolution

2.1 The Age of Symbiotic Associations

2.2 Endosymbiosis

2.3 Ectosymbionts (epibionts)

3 Functionality of symbiosis

3.1 Specificity

3.2 Acquisition

3.3 Benefits of Symbiosis

4 Adaptive Processes

4.1 Reproductive Manipulation

4.2 Host Adaptive Changes

4.3 Genome reduction

4 Parasitic Endosymbionts

1 Introduction

2 Parasitism Evolution

2.1 Red Queen Model

2.2 Genetic Races and Coevolution

3 Host-parasite Interactions

3.1 Environmental Factors

3.2 Resistance

3.3. Toxins

4 Diseases

4.1. Pathogenicity and Virulence

4.2 Specificity

4.3 Examples of Invertebrate Diseases

5 Travelling Bacteria: Vectors

<1 Introduction

2 Disease Transmission

2.1 Human diseases

2.2 Animal Diseases

6 Travelling Bacteria: Phoresy

1 Introduction

2 Insect-Associated Bacteria

3 Other Invertebrate Bacteria

3.1 Slug Parasitic Nematodes

3.2 Grass Gall Nematodes

3.3 Microbiovorous Nematodes

3.4 Anellids

SECTION II - MOLECULAR PROCESSES

<7 Defense and Immune Systems

1 Introduction

2 Origins and Evolution

3 Humoral defense

3.1 Melanization and Phenoloxidase Activity

3.2 Receptors and Recognition

3.3 Lectin-Mediated Complement and Activation

3.4 Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)

3.5 Heat shock proteins (HSPs)

3.6 Nitric Oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

3.7 Lysozyme and other Pathways

4 Cellular Defense Processes

4.1. Phagocytosis

4.2. Encapsulation and Hemolymph Coagulation

5 Selectivity, Specificity and Evasion