Introduction to Modern Planar Transmission Lines: Physical, Analytical, and Circuit Models Approach

ISBN-13: 9781119632276 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 944 str.

Anand Verma

Spis treści

Chapter -1: Overview of Transmission Lines (Historial Perspective, Overview of Present Book)1.1 Overview of the classical transmission lines1.1.1 Telegraph line1.1.2 Development of theoretical concepts in EM-Theory1.1.3 Development of the transmission line equations1.1.4 Waveguides as propagation medium1.2. Planar transmission lines1.2.1 Development of planar transmission lines1.2.2 Analytical methods applied to planar transmission lines1.3 Overview of present book1.3.1 The organization of chapters in this book1.3.2 Key features, intended audience, and some suggestionsChapter -2: Waves on Transmission Lines- I (Basic Equations, Multisection transmission lines)2.1 Uniform transmission lines2.1.1 Wave motion2.1.2 Circuit model of transmission line2.1.3 Kelvin - Heaviside transmission line equations in time domain2.1.4 Kelvin - Heaviside transmission line equations in frequency domain2.1.5 Characteristic of lossy transmission line2.1.6 Wave equation with source2.1.7 Solution of voltage and current -wave equation2.1.8 Application of Thevenin's theorem to transmission line2.1.9 Power relation on transmission line2.2 Multi-section transmission lines and source excitation2.2.1 Multisection transmission lines2.2.2 Location of sources2.3 Non-uniform transmission lines2.3.1 Wave equation for non-uniform Transmission line2.3.2 Lossless exponential transmission lineReferencesChapter -3: Waves on Transmission Lines- II (Network parameters, Wave velocities, Loaded lines)3.1 Matrix description of microwave network3.1.1 [Z] parameters3.1.2 Admittance matrix3.1.3 Transmission [ABCD] parameters3.1.4 Scattering [S] parameters3.2 Conversion and extraction of parameters3.2.1 Relation between matrix parameters3.2.2 De-Embedding of true S-parameters3.2.3 Extraction of propagation characteristics3.3 Wave velocity on transmission line3.3.1 Phase velocity3.3.2 Group velocity3.4 Linear dispersive transmission lines3.4.1 Wave equation of dispersive transmission lines3.4.2 Circuit models of dispersive transmission linesReferencesChapter -4: Waves in Material Medium- I (Waves in isotropic and anisotropic media, Polarization of waves)4.1 Basic electrical quantities and parameters4.1.1 Flux field and force field4.1.2 Constitutive relations4.1.3 Category of materials4.2 Electrical property of medium4.2.1 Linear and non-linear medium4.2.2 Homogeneous and nonhomogeneous medium4.2.3 Isotropic and anisotropic medium4.2.4 Non-dispersive and dispersive medium4.2.5 Non-lossy and lossy medium4.2.6 Static conductivity of materials4.3 Circuit model of medium4.3.1 RC circuit model of lossy dielectric medium4.3.2 Circuit model of lossy magnetic medium4.4 Maxwell equations and power relation4.4.1 Maxwell's equations4.4.2 Power and energy relation from Maxwell equations4.5 EM-waves in unbounded isotropic Medium4.5.1 EM-wave equation4.5.2 1D wave equation4.5.3 Uniform plane waves in linear lossless homogeneous isotropic medium4.5.4 Vector algebraic form of Maxwell equations4.5.5 Uniform plane waves in lossy conducting medium4.6 Polarization of EM-waves4.6.1 Linear polarization4.6.2 Circular polarization4.6.3 Elliptical polarization4.6.4 Jones matrix description of polarization states4.7 EM-waves propagation in unbounded anisotropic medium4.7.1 Wave propagation in uniaxial medium4.7.2 Wave propagation in uniaxial gyroelectric medium4.7.3 Dispersion relations in biaxial medium4.7.4 Concept of isofrequency contours and isofrequency surfaces4.7.5 Dispersion relations in uniaxial mediumReferencesChapter -5: Waves in Material Medium- II (Reflection and transmission of waves, Introduction to metamaterials5.1 EM-waves at interface of two different media5.1.1 Normal incidence of plane waves5.1.2 The interface of a dielectric and perfect conductor5.1.3 Transmission line model of composite medium5.2 Oblique incidence of plane waves5.2.1 TE (Perpendicular) polarization case5.2.2 TM (Parallel) polarization case5.2.3 Dispersion diagrams of refracted waves in isotropic and uniaxial anisotropic media5.2.4 Wave impedance and equivalent transmission line model5.3 Special Cases of Angle of Incidence5.3.1 Brewster angle5.3.2 Critical angle5.4 EM-waves incident at dielectric slab5.4.1 Oblique incidence5.4.2 Normal incidence5.5 EM-waves in metamaterial medium5.5.1 General introduction of metamaterials and their classifications5.5.2 EM-waves in DNG medium5.5.3 Basic transmission line model of the DNG medium5.5.4 Lossy DPS and DNG media5.5.5 Wave propagation in DNG slab5.5.6 DNG flat lens and superlens5.5.7 Doppler and Cerenkov radiation in DNG medium5.5.8 Metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA)ReferencesChapter -6: Electrical Properties of Dielectric Medium6.1. Modeling of dielectric medium6.1.1 Dielectric polarization6.1.2 Susceptibility, relative permittivity and Clausius - Mossotti model6.1.3 Models of polarizability6.1.4 Magnetization of materials6.2 Static dielectric constants of materials6.2.1 Natural Dielectric Materials6.2.2 Artificial Dielectric Materials6.3 Dielectric mixtures6.3.1 General description of dielectric mixture medium6.3.2 Limiting values of equivalent relative permittivity6.3.3 Additional equivalent permittivity models of mixture6.4 Frequency response of dielectric materials6.4.1 Relaxation in material and decay law6.4.2 Polarization law of linear dielectric medium6.4.3 Debye dispersion relation6.5 Resonance response of the dielectric medium6.5.1 Lorentz oscillator model6.5.2 Drude model for conductor and plasma6.5.3 Dispersion models of dielectric mixture medium6.5.4 Kramers - Kronig relation6.6 Interfacial polarization6.6.1 Interfacial polarization in two-layered capacitor medium6.7 Circuit models of dielectric materials6.7.1 Series RC circuit model6.7.2 Parallel RC circuit model6.7.3 Parallel series combined circuit model6.7.4 Series combination of RC parallel circuit6.7.5 Series RLC resonant circuit model6.8 Substrate materials for microwave planar technology6.8.1 Evaluation of parameters of single term Debye and Lorentz models6.8.2 Multi-term and wideband Debye models6.8.3 MetasubstratesReferencesChapter -7: Waves in Waveguide Medium7.1 Classification of EM-fields7.1.1 Maxwell equations and vector potentials7.1.2 Magnetic vector potential7.1.3 Electric vector potential7.1.4 Generation of EM-field by electric and magnetic vector potentials7.2 Boundary surface and boundary conditions7.2.1 Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC)7.2.2 Perfect magnetic conductor (PMC)7.2.3 Interface of two media7.3 TEM-mode parallel-plate waveguide7.3.1 TEM field in parallel plate waveguide7.3.2 Circuit relations7.3.3 Kelvin- Heaviside transmission line equations from Maxwell equations7.4 Rectangular waveguides7.4.1 Rectangular waveguide with four electric walls7.4.2 Rectangular waveguide with four magnetic walls7.4.3 Rectangular waveguide with composite electric and magnetic walls7.5 Conductor backed dielectric sheet surface wave waveguide7.5.1 TMz surface wave mode7.5.2 TEz surface wave Mode7.6 Equivalent circuit model of waveguide7.6.1 Relation between wave impedance and characteristic impedance.7.6.2 Transmission line model of waveguide7.7 Transverse resonance method (TRM)7.7.1 Standard rectangular waveguide7.7.2 Dielectric loaded waveguide7.7.3 Slab waveguide7.7.4 Conductor backed multilayer dielectric sheet7.8 Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)7.8.1 Complete mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)7.8.2 Half -mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)ReferencesChapter -8: Microstrip Line: Basic Characteristics8.1 General description8.1.1 Conceptual evolution of microstrip lines8.1.2 Non-TEM nature of microstrip line8.1.3 Quasi-TEM mode of microstrip line8.1.4 Basic parameters of microstrip line8.2 Static closed-form models of microstrip line8.2.1 Homogeneous medium model of microstrip line (Wheeler's Transformation)8.2.2 Static characteristic impedance of microstrip line8.2.3 Results on static parameters of microstrip line8.2.4 Effect of conductor thickness on static parameters of microstrip line8.2.5 Effect of shield on static parameters of microstrip line8.2.6 Microstrip line on anisotropic substrate8.3 Dispersion in microstrip line8.3.1 Nature of dispersion in microstrip8.3.2 Waveguide model of microstrip8.3.3 Logistic dispersion model of microstrip (Dispersion Law of Microstrip)8.3.4 Kirschning - Jansen dispersion model8.3.5 Improved model of frequency dependent characteristic impedance8.3.6 Synthesis of microstrip line8.4 Losses in microstrip line8.4.1 Dielectric loss in microstrip8.4.2 Conductor loss in microstrip8.5 Circuit model of lossy microstrip line.ReferencesChapter -9: Coplanar Waveguide & Coplanar Strip Line: Basic Characteristics9.1 General description9.2 Fundamentals of conformal mapping method9.2.1 Complex variable9.2.2 Analytic function9.2.3 Properties of conformal transformation9.2.4 Schwarz- Christoffel (SC) - Transformation9.2.5 Elliptic sine function9.3 Conformal mapping analysis of coplanar waveguide9.3.1 Infinite extent CPW9.3.2 CPW on finite thickness substrate and infinite ground plane9.3.3 CPW with finite ground planes9.3.4 Static characteristics of CPW9.3.5 Top shielded CPW9.3.6 Conductor-backed CPW9.4 Coplanar strip line9.4.1 Symmetrical CPS on infinitely thick substrate9.4.2 Asymmetrical CPS (ACPS) on infinitely thick substrate9.4.3 Symmetrical CPS on finite thickness substrate9.4.4 Asymmetrical CPW (ACPW) and asymmetrical CPS (ACPS) on finite thickness substrate9.4.5 Asymmetric CPS line with infinitely wide ground plane9.4.6 CPS with coplanar ground plane [CPS-CGP]9.4.7 Discussion on results for CPS9.5 Effect of conductor thickness on characteristics of CPW and CPS structures9.5.1 CPW structure9.5.2 CPS structure9.6 Modal field and dispersion of CPW and CPS structures9.6.1 Modal field structure of CPW9.6.2 Modal field structure of CPS9.6.3 Closed-form dispersion model of CPW9.6.4 Dispersion in CPS line9.7 Losses in CPW and CPS structures9.7.1 Conductor loss9.7.2 Dielectric loss9.7.3 Substrate radiation loss9.8 Circuit models & synthesis of CPW and CPS9.8.1 Circuit model9.8.2 Synthesis of CPW9.8.3 Synthesis of CPSReferencesChapter -10: Slot Line: Basic Characteristics10.1 Slot line structures10.1.1 Structures of open slot line10.1.2 Shielded slot line structures10.2 Analysis and modelling of slot line10.2.1 Magnetic current mode10.3 Waveguide model10.3.1 Standard slot line10.3.2 Sandwich slot line10.3.3 Shielded slot line10.3.4 Characteristics of slot line10.4 Closed-form models10.4.1 Conformal mapping method10.4.2 Krowne model10.4.3 Integrated modelReferencesChapter -11: Coupled Transmission Lines: Basic Characteristics11.1 Some coupled line structures11.2 Basic concepts of coupled transmission lines11.2.1 Forward and reverse directional coupling11.2.2 Basic definitions11.3 Circuit models of coupling11.3.1 Capacitive coupling- Even and odd mode basics11.3.2 Forms of capacitive coupling11.3.3 Forms of inductive coupling11.4 Even -Odd mode analysis of symmetrical coupled lines11.4.1 Analysis method11.4.2 Coupling coefficients11.5. Wave equation for coupled transmission lines11.5.1 Kelvin-Heaviside coupled transmission line equations11.5.2 Solution of coupled wave equation11.5.3 Modal characteristic impedance and admittanceReferencesChapter -12: Planar Coupled Transmission Lines12.1 Line parameters of symmetric edge coupled microstrips12.1.1 Static models for even and odd mode relative permittivity and characteristic mpedances of edge coupled microstrips12.1.2 Frequency-dependent models of edge coupled microstrip lines12.2 Line parameters of asymmetric coupled microstrips12.2.1 Static parameters of asymmetricallycoupled microstrips12.2.2 Frequency dependent line parameters of asymmetrically coupled microstrips12.3 Line parameters of coupled CPW12.3.1 Symmetric edge coupled CPW12.3.2 Shielded broadside coupled CPW12.4 Network parameters of coupled line section12.4.1. Symmetrical coupled line in homogeneous medium12.4.2 Symmetrical coupled microstrip line in inhomogeneous medium12.4.3 ABCD matrix of symmetrical coupled transmission lines12.5 Asymmetrical coupled lines network parameters12.5.1 [ABCD] - parameters of the 4-port networkReferencesChapter -13: Fabrication of Planar Transmission Lines13.1 Element of hybrid MIC (HMIC) technology13.1.1 Substrates13.1.2 Hybrid, MIC fabrication process13.1.3 Thin film process13.1.4 Thick film process13.2 Elements of monolithic MIC (MMIC) technology13.2.1 Fabrication process13.2.2 Planar transmission lines in MMIC13.3 Micromachined transmission line technology13.3.1 MEMS fabrication process13.3.2 MEMS transmission line structures13.4 Elements of LTCC13.4.1 LTCC materials and process13.4.2 LTCC circuit fabrication13.4.3 LTCC Planar transmission line and some components13.4.4 LTCC waveguide and cavity resonatorsChapter -14: Static Variational Methods for Planar Transmission Lines14.1 Variational formulation of transmission line14.1.1 Basic concepts of variation14.1.2. Energy method based variational expression14.1.3 Green's function method based variational expression14.2 Variational expression of line capacitance in Fourier Domain14.2.1 Transformation of Poisson equation in Fourier Domain14.2.2 Transformation of variational expression of line capacitance in Fourier Domain14.2.3 Fourier Transform of Some Charge Distribution Functions14. 3 Analysis of microstrip line by variational method14.3.1 Boxed microstrip line (Green's function method in Space Domain)14.3.2 Open microstrip line (Green's function method in Fourier Domain)14.3.3 Open microstrip line (Energy method in Fourier Domain)14.4 Analysis of multilayer microstrip line14.4.1 Space Domain analysis of multilayer microstrip structure14.4.2 Static Spectral Domain analysis of multilayer microstrip14.5 Analysis of coupled microstrip line in multilayer dielectric medium14.5.1 Space Domain analysis14.5.2 Spectral Domain analysis14.6 Discrete Fourier Transform method14.6.1 Discrete Fourier Transform14.6.2 Boxed microstrip line14.6.3 Boxed coplanar waveguideReferencesChapter -15: Multilayer Planar Transmission lines: SLR Formulation15.1 SLR process for multilayer microstrip lines15.1.1 SLR- process for lossy multilayer microstrip lines15.1.2 Dispersion model of multilayer microstrip lines15.1.3 Characteristic impedance and synthesis of multilayer microstrip lines15.1.4 Models of losses in multilayer microstrip lines15.1.5 Circuit model of multilayer microstrip lines15.2 SLR process for multilayer coupled microstrip lines15.2.1 Equivalent single layer substrate15.2.2 Dispersion model of multilayer coupled microstrips lines15.2.3 Characteristic impedance and synthesis of multilayer coupled microstrips15.2.4 Losses models of multilayer coupled microstrip lines15.3 SLR process for multilayer ACPW/CPW15.3.1 Single Layer Reduction (SLR) process for multilayer ACPW/CPW15.3.2 Static SDA of multilayer ACPW/CPW using two-conductor model15.3.3 Dispersion models of multilayer ACPW/CPW15.3.4 Loss models of multilayer ACPW/CPW15.4 Further consideration of SLR formulationReferencesChapter -16: Dynamic Spectral Domain Analysis16.1 General discussion of SDA16.2 Green's function of single layer planar line16.2.1 Formulation of field problem16.2.2 Case #1: CPW and microstrip structures16.2.3 Case II- Sides : MW - EW, Bottom : MW, Top : EW16.3 Solution of hybrid mode field equations(Galerkin's Method in Fourier Domain)16.4 Basis functions for surface current density and slot field16.4.1 Nature of the field and current densities:16.4.2 Basis functions and nature of hybrid modes16.5 Coplanar multistrip structure16.6 Multilayer planar transmission lines16.6.1 Immittance approach for single level strip conductors16.6.2 Immittance approach for multilevel strip conductorsReferencesChapter -17: Lumped and Line Resonators: Basic Characteristics17.1 Basic resonating structures17.2 Zero dimensional lumped resonator17.2.1 Lumped series resonant circuit17.2.2 Lumped parallel resonant circuit17.2.3 Resonator with external circuit17.2.4 One-port reflection type resonator17.2.5 Two-port transmission type resonator17.2.6 Two-port reaction type resonator17.3 Transmission line resonator17.3.1 Lumped resonator modeling of transmission line resonator17.3.2 Modal description of short-circuited line resonatorReferencesChapter -18: Planar Resonating Structures18.1 Microstrip Line Resonator18.1.1 Open-ends microstrip resonator18.1.2 and Short-circuited ends microstrip resonator18.1.3 Microstrip ring resonator18.1.4 Microstrip step impedance resonator18.1.5 Microstrip hairpin resonator18.2 CPW resonator18.3 Slot line resonator18.4 Coupling of line resonator to source and load18.4.1 Direct-coupled resonator18.4.2 Reactively coupled line resonator18.4.3 Tapped line resonator18.4.4 Feed to planar transmission line resonator18.5 Coupled resonators18.5.1 Coupled microstrip line resonator18.5.2 Circuit model of coupled microstrip line resonator18.5.3 Some structures of coupled microstrip line resonator18.6 Microstrip patch resonators18.6.1 Rectangular patch18.6.2 Modified Wolff Model (MWM)18.6.3 Circular patch18.6.4 Ring patch18.6.5 Equilateral triangular patch18.7 2D Fractal resonators18.7.1 Fractal geometry18.7.2 Fractal resonator antenna18.7.3 Fractal resonators18.8 Dual mode resonators18.8.1 Dual mode patch resonators18.8.2 Dual mode ring resonatorsReferencesChapter -19: Planar Periodic Transmission Lines19.1 1D and 2D lattice structures19.1.1 Bragg's law of diffraction19.1.2 Crystal lattice structures19.1.3 Concept of Brillouin zone19.2 Space harmonics of periodic structures19.2.1 Floquet - Bloch theorem and space harmonics19.3 Circuit models of 1D periodic transmission line19.3.1 Periodically loaded artificial lines19.3.2 [ABCD] parameters of unit cell19.3.3 Dispersion in periodic lines19.3.4 Characteristics of 1D periodic lines19.3.5 Some loading elements of 1D periodic lines19.3.6 Realization of planar loading elements19.4 1D planar EBG structures19.4.1 1D Microstrip EBG line19.4.2 1D CPW EBG lineReferencesChapter -20: Planar Periodic Surfaces20.1 2D planar EBG surfaces20.1.1 General introduction of EBG surfaces20.1.2 Characteristics of EBG surface20.1.3 Horizontal wire dipole near EBG surface20.2 Circuit models of mushroom type EBG20.2.1 Basic circuit model20.2.2 Dynamic circuit model20.3 Uniplanar EBG structures20.4 2D circuit models of EBG structures20.4.1 Shunt connected 2D planar EBG circuit model20.4.2 Series connected 2D planar EBG circuit modelReferencesChapter -21: Metamaterials Realization and circuit models- I (Basic structural elements & bulk metamaterials)21.1 Artificial electric medium21.1.1 Polarization in the wire medium21.1.2 Equivalent parallel plate waveguide model of wire medium21. 1.3 Reactance loaded Wire Medium21.2 Artificial magnetic medium21.2.1 Characteristics of the SRR21.2.2 Circuit model of the SRR21.2.3 Computation of equivalent circuit parameters of SRR21.2.4 Bi-anisotropy in the SRR medium21.2.5 Variations in SRR structure21.3 Double negative metamaterials21.3.1 Composite permittivity-permeability functions21.3.2 Realization of composite DNG metamaterials21.3.3 Realization of single structure DNG metamaterials21.4 Homogenization and parameter extraction21.4.1 Nicolson - Ross - Weir (NRW) method21.4.2 Dynamic Maxwell Garnett modelReferencesChapter -22: Metamaterials Realization and circuit models- II (Metalines and Metasurfaces)22.1 Circuit models of 1D - metamaterials22.1.1 Homogenization of the 1D-medium22.1.2 Circuit equivalence of material medium22.1.3 Single reactive loading of host medium22.1.4 Single reactive loading of host medium with coupling22.1.5 Circuit models of 1D metalines22.2 Non-resonant microstrip metalines22.2.1 Series-parallel (CRLH) metalines22.2.2 Cascaded MNG-ENG (CRLH) metalines22.2.3 Parallel-series (D-CRLH) metalines22.3 Resonant metalines22.3.1 Resonant inclusions22.3.2 Microstrip resonant metalines22.3.3 CPW resonant metalines22.4 Some application of metalines22.4.1 Backfire to endfire leaky wave antenna22.4.2 Metaline based microstrip directional coupler22.4.3 Multiband metaline based components22.5 Modelling and characterization of metasurfaces22.5.1 Characterization of metasurface22.5.2 Reflection and transmission coefficients of isotropic metasurfaces22.5.3 Phase control of metasurface22.5.4 Generalized Snell's laws of metasurfaces22.5.5 Surface waves on metasurface22.6 Applications of metasurfaces22.6.1 Demonstration of anomalous reflection and refraction of metasurfaces22.6.2 Reflectionless transmission of metasurfaces22.6.3 Polarization conversion of incident plane waveReferences

O autorze

ANAND K. VERMA, PhD, is an Adjunct Professor in the School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney. Formerly, he was Professor and Head of the Department of Electronic Science, South Campus, University of Delhi. He has been Visiting Professor at Otto-Van-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany (2002, 2002-2003), and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore as a Tan Chin Tuan Scholar (2001). He holds a German Patent on microstrip antenna. He has organized and attended many International Symposia and Workshops and conducted short-term courses and delivered invited lectures at the research institutes in India and in several countries. He was also chairman of the TPC, APMC-2004, Delhi. Professor Verma has published over 250 papers in international journals and in the proceedings of international and national symposia.