Introduction to Atomic and Molecular Collisions

ISBN-13: 9781468484502 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 302 str.

R. E. Johnson

Opis

In working with graduate students in engineering physics at the University of Virginia on research problems in gas kinetics, radiation biology, ion- materials interactions, and upper-atmosphere chemistry, it became quite apparent that there was no satisfactory text available to these students on atomic and molecular collisions. For graduate students in physics and quantum chemistry and researchers in atomic and molecular interactions there are a large number of excellent advanced texts. However, for students in applied science, who require some knowledge and understanding of col- lision phenomena, such texts are of little use. These students often have some background in modern physics and/or chemistry but lack graduate- level course work in quantum mechanics. Such students, however, tend to have a good intuitive grasp of classical mechanics and have been exposed to wave phenomena in some form (e. g., electricity and magnetism, acoustics, etc. ). Further, their requirements in using collision processes and employing models do not generally include the use of formal scattering theory, a large fraction of the content of many advanced texts. In fact, most researchers who work in the area of atomic and molecular collisions tend to pride themselves on their ability to describe results using simple theoretical models based on classical and semiclassical methods.

Spis treści

1. Application Areas.- Radiation Cascades.- Gas Dynamics.- Gas Lasers.- Plasmas.- Studies of Interaction Potentials and Surfaces.- Summary.- Suggested Reading.- 2. Cross Sections and Rate Constants.- Total Cross Sections.- Inelastic Cross Sections.- Rate Constants.- Cross Section Calculations.- Angular Differential Cross Sections.- Calculation of Angular Differential Cross Sections.- Collision Kinematics: Elastic Collisions.- Center of Mass System.- Kinematics of Inelastic Collisions.- The Classical Deflection Function.- Classical Inelastic Cross Sections.- Exercises.- Suggested Reading.- 3. Waves and Trajectories.- The Wave Equation.- Solutions to the Wave Equation.- Scattering of a Plane Wave.- Scattering Amplitude for Potential Scattering.- The Semiclassical Approximation.- The Born Approximation.- Charge Distributions.- Vibrational and Rotational Levels of Molecules.- Exercises.- Suggested Reading.- 4. Interaction Potentials and Transition Probabilities.- Electrostatic Interaction between Atomic Charge Distributions.- Induced Moments: The Polarizability and the van der Waals Forces.- Wave-Mechanical Treatment of the Interactions.- State Identification and Molecular Symmetries.- The Exchange Interaction.- Transition Probabilities: The Impact Parameter Method.- Rearrangement Collisions: Charge Exchange.- Semiclassical Approximation for Inelastic Differential Cross Sections.- Transitions in the Born Approximation.- Detailed Balance.- Exercises.- Suggested Reading.- 5. Cross Sections and Rate Constants: Results.- Total Differential Cross Sections and Interaction Potentials.- Integrated Total Cross Sections and the Diffusion Cross Section.- Charge Exchange.- Inelastic Energy-Loss Cross Sections.- Molecular Processes.- Exercises.- Suggested Reading.- 6. Application of Results.- Energetic Particle Transport.- The Continuous Slowing-Down Approximation.- Integral Equations for Range and Projected Range.- Stopped-Particle Distribution.- Diffusion of Implanted Particles, Backscattering, and Transmission.- Energy Deposition Effects.- Biological Damage.- Sputtering.- Planetary Escape.- The Ionosphere.- Final Summary.- Exercises.- Suggested Reading.- Appendixes.- A. Delta Functions.- B. CM Deflection Function and Semiclassical Phase Shift.- C. Collision with an Oscillator.- D. Born-Approximation Cross Section and Transition Probabilities.- E. Transport Equations.- F. The Stationary-Phase Approximation.- G. Atomic State Labels.- H. Thomas—Fermi Interaction: Results.- I. Low Energy, Inelastic Cross Sections.- J. Constants and Units.- Author Reference Index.- Interactions, Reactions, and Collisions: References and Results.