Preface; 1. Introduction, history, and staffing for intraoperative monitoring; 2. The preoperative assessment; 3. Magnetic stimulation; 4. The operating room environment and team approach: pitfalls and technical factors; 5. Basic pharmacology of anesthetic agents and their effects on neurophysiological monitoring; 6. Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring with scalp and cervical recording; 7. Transcranial electric motor stimulation: technique and exclusionary criteria; 8. Electrocorticography and intraoperative electroencephalography; 9. Brainstem auditory evoked potential monitoring; 10. Pedicle screw application and electromyographic recording; 11. Cranial nerve monitoring; 12. Peripheral nerve monitoring: basics and indications; 13. Special consideration in pediatric surgical monitoring; 14. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring of vascular disorders; 15. Selective dorsal rhizotomies: technique and protocol for monitoring; 16. Interpreting and reporting the neurophysiological data to the surgical team: how to do it and when is it indicated?; 17. Intraoperative wake-up test; 18. Postoperative studies and outcomes: clinical indications and usefulness of a postoperative study; Index.