Intracranial Pressure VII: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure, Held in Ann Arbor, Usa, June 19-23, 1988

ISBN-13: 9783642739897 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 1050 str.

Julian T. Hoff; A. Lorris Betz

Opis

This book is a compilation of scientific papers presented at the Seventh Interna- tional Symposium on Intracranial Pressure and Brain Injury, held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, June 20-23, 1988. The symposium explored both clinical and basic science aspects of intracranial pressure dynamics and their clinical applica- tion. Neuroscientists including neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroanesthesiolo- gists, neuroradiologists, neurochemists, biophysicists and physiologists contrib- uted to the state-of-the-art presentations and discussions. Open exchange of ideas characterized this meeting as it did the initial meeting in Hanover, Germany in 1972 and subsequently at tri-annual meetings in Lund, Sweden; Groningen, Holland; Williamsburg, Virginia; Tokyo, Japan; and Glas- gow, Scotland. The next Intracranial Pressure Symposium, to be held in Rotter- dam, Holland, in 1991, will continue this tradition. The papers in this book have been grouped for the reader's convenience. Clinical and basic science papers focus on the same subject, consequently they appear together. Subjects include monitoring; biophysics; CSF dynamics and hydrocephalus; control of intracranial pressure; trauma, hemorrhage, and in- flammation; free radicals; cerebral perfusion and metabolism; and brain edema. The science of intracranial pressure and its relevance to human illness con- tinues to provide fascination for investigators throughout the world. This book reflects the research of many of them and, hopefully, will stimulate new and innovative inquiries.

Spis treści

Session I: Monitoring.- Measuring ICP in Patients — Its Value Now and in the Future?.- Physical Characteristics of Various Methods for Measuring ICP.- An Approach to Noninvasive Analysis of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Using an Ultrasonic Probe.- Clinical Evaluation of the Catheter Tipped Camino Transducer Inserted via a Subdural Screw.- Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of the Camino Intracranial Pressure Monitoring System.- Clinical Experience with a Fiber Optic Brain Parenchymal Pressure Monitor.- Test of a Non-invasive PVI Measure with a Fiber-optic Pressure Monitoring Device in Head Injured Patients.- Differential Intracranial Pressure Recordings in Patients with Dual Ipsilateral Monitors.- A New Fiberoptic Monitoring Device: Development of the Ventricular Bolt.- Development of a Fully Implantable Epidural Pressure (EDP) Sensor.- Evaluation of a Fibre-optic System for Monitoring Ventricular Pressure.- Clinical Evaluation of a Fiberoptic Device for Measuring PVI.- Microprocessor-driven ICP Fiber Optic Monitor.- Microprocessor-driven ICP Monitor: Instrumentation.- Comparison of Intracranial Pressure Transducers.- Intraparenchymal Brain Pressure — Clinical Evaluation.- Lumbar Pressure Monitoring with a New Fiberoptic Catheter.- Evaluation of Continuous Lumbar Subarachnoid Pressure Monitoring.- Intracranial Pressure Monitoring After Elective Surgery: A Study of 514 Consecutive Patients.- Intracranial Compliance Monitoring with Computerized ICP Waveform Analysis in 55 Comatose Patients.- Software for Neurosurgery Intensive Care.- The Best Dichotomous Parameters for Predicting Mortality and a Good Outcome Following 48 Hours of ICP Monitoring.- Non-invasive Monitoring of ICP in Infants.- The Human Factor in the Accuracy of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Monitoring Using Extradurally Placed Microtransducers.- Rate of Infection and Cost Containment in Intracranial Pressure Recording.- Continuous Monitoring of Middle Cerebral Arterial Blood Velocity and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure.- Analysis of Frequency Spectrum of the Intracranial Pulse Wave in Cerebral Vasospasm.- Intracranial Volume and Pressure Load Tolerance Evaluated by Continuous Measurement of Doppler Flow Velocity in Intracranial Vessels in Cats.- Simultaneous Monitoring of ICP and Transcranial Doppler Sonogram on the Middle Cerebral Artery.- Effect of Jugular Bulb Catheterization on Intracranial Pressure.- Jugular Bulb Catheterization in Children.- Transcardiac Method of Jugular Bulb Catheterization.- Dynamic Pressure Volume Index via ICP Waveform Analysis.- Single Pulse Pressure Wave Analysis by Fast Fourier Transformation.- A Minicomputer System for Analysis and Display of ICP Related Data.- Modified Auditory Brainstem Responses (MABR) in Patients with Intracranial Lesions.- Detection of the Site of V-P Shunt Malfunction Using a Telemetric IVP Sensor.- Relatiomship of Intracranial Pressure Changes to CT Changes in Children.- Noninvasive Measurement of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) as a Screening Method for Evaluation of Hydrocephalus in Newborn and Infants.- Correlations Between CT Features and ICP in Patients with Intracranial Lesions.- EEG Spectrum Changes After the Bolus Injection of Thiopental.- Session II: Biophysics Session.- Can Waveform Analysis of ICP Separate Vascular from Non-Vascular Causes on Intracranial Hypertension?.- The Origin of CSF Pulse Waves.- Significance of Cortical Venous Pulse Pressure and Superior Sagittal Sinus Pulse Pressure on ICP-Pulse Pressure.- Mathematical Modelling of the Contribution of Arterial Volumetric Pulsation to the Intracranial Pulse Wave.- Single Pulse Spectral Analysis of Intracranial Pressures.- Fourier Analysis of Intracranial Pressures During Experimental Intracranial Hypertension.- Analysis of the Power Spectrum of the Pulse Pressure Wave During Induced Intracranial Hypertension in Humans.- CSF Pulse Waves in a Model of Progressive Hydrocephalus: An Effect Not a Cause of Ventricular Enlargement.- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Retrospective Study on Clinico-Radiological Data, CSF Dynamics and CSF Pulse Waveform Morphology.- Application of Advanced Forms of Intracranial Pressure Analysis in Craniosynostosis.- CSF Pulse Waveform Morphology as an Indicator of Intracranial System Impedance: An Experimental Study.- Transmission Characteristics of Pulse Waves in the Intracranial Cavity of Dogs During Normal Intracranial Condition, Intracranial Hypertension, Hypercapnia, and Hydrocephalus.- Cerebral Pulse Amplitude in a Canine Model of “Slit” Ventricle Syndrome.- Intracranial and Venous Pressures, Part I: Intracranial Pulse Wave Changes During Hemodynamic Maneuvers in Humans.- Intracranial and Venous Pressures, Part II: Extracranial Source of B-Waves.- B-Waves in Healthy Persons.- Correlation Between B-Waves and Intracranial Pressure — Volume Relationships.- Respiratory and Cardiovascular Oscillations During B-Waves.- The Role of Vasomotor Center and Adrenergic Pathway in B-Waves.- Intracranial Pressure Pulse Wave Form and Its dp/dt Analysis of Plateau Waves.- The Roles of the Mutual Interaction Between the Locus Coeruleus Complex and the Chorioceptive Pontine Area in the Plateau Wave.- Role of the Medulla Oblongata in Plateau Wave Development in Dogs.- Electroencephalographic Changes During Plateau Waves–Plateau Waves Induced by Electrical Stimulation of the Brain Stem.- Changes of Evoked Potentials During Pressure Waves.- Comparative Study with Experimental and Clinical Plateau Waves Relating to Sleep.- Failure in Aborting Plateau Waves by a Temporary Increase in Cerebral Perfusion Pressure.- The Plateau Wave is Not Solely an Intracranial Phenomenon.- Slow Oscillation of Compliance and Pressure Rate in the Naturally Closed Cranio-Spinal System.- Remarks on Amplitude-Pressure Characteristic Phenomenon.- Non-Provocative Assessment of Intracranial Volume — Pressure Relationships.- The Viscoelasticity of Normal and Hydrocephalic Brain Tissue.- Intracranial Elastance: Spline Interpolation vs Exponential Function.- Brain Tissue Elasticity and CSF Elastance.- High Frequency Ventilation vs Conventional Mechanical Ventilation: Their Influence on Cerebral Elastance.- Brain Elasticity Changes in a Canine Model of Pseudotumor Cerebri.- Cerebral Elasticity and Ventricular Size, Part I: Normalization of Ventricles Following Shunting.- Cerebral Elasticity and Ventricular Size, Part II: Age-Related Development of Extracerebral Fluid Collections.- Intracranial Pressure Changes from a Temporal Lobe Mass in Cats.- Increase in ICP Produced by Electrical Stimulation of the Brain Stem Reticular Formation in Cats with Spinalization and Vagotomy.- Computer Simulation of Intracranial Pressure Using Electrical R-C Circuit.- Session III: CSF Dynamics and Hydrocephalus.- Exchange vs Cotransport of Na and Cl Across the Barriers Interfacing Cerebrospinal Fluid and Brain with Blood.- Omeprazole, an Inhibitor of H+ -K+ -ATPase, Markedly Reduces CSF Formation in the Rabbit.- Glucocorticoid Effects on Choroid Plexus Function.- Sex Steroids and Transport Functions in the Rabbit Choroid Plexus.- Axonal Coexistence of Certain Transmitter Peptides in the Choroid Plexus.- Effect of Sympathetic Denervation on the Cerebral Fluid Formation Rate in Increased Intracranial Pressure.- CSF Production in Patients with Increased Intracranial Pressure.- Changes in Intracranial CSF Volume After LP.- Changes in Intracranial CSF Volume During Hypercapnia and Hypocapnia.- Intracranial CSF Volume Distribution in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- Benign Intracranial Hypertension: Brain Swelling and Cranial CSF Volume.- CSF Distribution in Acute and Chronic Obstructive Hydrocephalus and the Response to Shunting.- Reproducibility and Reliability of Measurement of Resistance to CSF Outflow by Subarachnoid Perfusion.- Measurement of Resistance to CSF Outflow-Clinical Experiences in 333 Patients.- Further Analysis of the Bolus Injection Technique for Resistance Measurements.- Comparison of Resistance to Outflow (Rout) Measured by Ventricular and Lumbar Perfusion.- CSF Dynamics and Ventricular Size in Experimental Sagittal Sinus Occlusion Models.- The Importance of Outflow Resistance of the Shunt System for Elimination of B-Waves.- Benign Intracranial Hypertension: CSF Dynamics and CSF Pulse Wave Morphology.- CSF Dynamies in Patients with Suspected Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- The Significance of Outflow Resistance Measurements in the Prediction of Outcome After CSF-Shunting in Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- Does Compliance Predict Ventricular Reduction After Shunting for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- Attempts to Predict the Probability of Clinical Improvement Following Shunting of Patients with Presumed Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- Different Time Course of Clinical Symptoms and CSF Dynamics in Patients with Pseudotumor Cerebri.- Intracranial Pressure on Pre- and Post-Shunt Surgery in Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH).- CSF Hydrodynamics and CSF Flow Through a Shunt in Hydrocephalus.- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in Children — The State of Hypercompensation.- CSF Pulsatile Flow on MRI and Its Relation to Intracranial Pressure.- Changes of CSF Migration, Energy Metabolism and High Molecular Protein of the Neuron in Hydrostatic Intracranial Hypertension.- Increased Brain Water Self Diffusion Measured by Magnetic Resonance Scanning in Patients with Pseudotumor Cerebri.- Neuropsychological Testing in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- 123I-IMP-SPECT and Lumbar Subarachnoid Pressure in Adult Hydrocephalus.- Concentrations of Neurotransmitters in Ventricular and Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- CSF Oxygen Tension and ICP.- Possible Physiological Role of the Cushing Response During Parturition.- Electrocardiographic Changes are Associated with Elevated Blood Pressure Rather Than a Direct Effect of Raised Intracranial Pressure.- Session IV: Control of ICP.- Effect of Mannitol on Experimental Infusion Edema.- Immediate and Long-term Effects of Mannitol and Glycerol: A Comparative Experimental Study.- Effects of Mannitol on Spontaneous Tone of Intracerebral Arterioles.- Experimental Cerebral Edema, Isotonic Intravenous Infusions, Mannitol, Serum Osmolality, Electrolytes, Brain Water, Intracranial Pressure, and Cerebral Blood Flow.- Effects of Mannitol-Induced Hemodynamic Changes on Intracranial Pressure Responses in Dogs.- The Effect of Rapid Mannitol Infusion on Cerebral Blood Volume.- A Study of the Concentration of Mannitol for the Treatment of Raised ICP.- Paired Comparison of Hypnotic and Osmotic Therapy in the Reduction of Intracranial Hypertension After Severe Head Injury.- The Level of ICP Modifies the CSF Pressure Response to Changes in MAP and CVP After Mannitol.- Lidocaine Can Reduce Intracranial Pressure Associated with Intracranial Space-Occupying Lesions.- ICP Reduction by Lidocaine: Dose Response Curve and Effect on CBF and EEG.- The Effect of Superimposed High-Frequency Auxiliary Ventilation on Intracranial Pressure.- Does Increased FiO2 Alter NADH Redox State and Protect Brain Cells from Intracranial Pressure Change in Rabbits?.- Treatment of Increased Intracranial Pressure Using Oncodiuretic Therapy: Combined Albumin and Furosemide.- Induced Arterial Hypertension in the Treatment of High ICP.- Intracranial Pressure in Preterm Infants: Effects of Nursing and Parental Care.- Intracranial Pressure Controlled Therapy of Brain Edema in Cerebrovascular Disease.- Cerebro-Spinal Fluid Pressure Changes and Rate of Recovery After Propofol for Elective Craniotomy.- Influence of Single Bolus of Propofol on Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity.- Impact of Sufentanil on ICP in Patients with Brain Tumors.- Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Intracranial Hypertension.- ICP- and IOP-Effects of Deliberate Hypotension Using Urapidil.- No Effect on ICP of ACE-Inhibition During Induced Hypotension.- Propofol and Intracranial Pressure.- Session V: Trauma, Hemorrhage and Inflammation.- The Traumatic Coma Data Bank: Monitoring of ICP.- Head Injury: Outcome in 4 Regional Head Injury Centers — Preliminary Report.- CT Scan Findings in 683 Patients with Severe (GCS ? 8) Closed Head Injury: A Report from the NIH Traumatic Coma Data Bank.- Brain Swelling in Fatal Head Injuries.- The Significance of Intracerebral Hematoma Location on the Risk of Tentorial Herniation and Clinical Outcome.- Outcome After Diffuse Head Injuries and ICP Elevations.- ICP in the Elderly Head Injury Population.- Isolated Stimulation of Glycolysis Following Traumatic Brain Injury.- N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Experimental Brain Injury: 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Behavioral Studies.- Ion Fluxes and Cell Swelling in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Excitatory Amino Acids.- Neuron-Specific Enolase and S-100 Protein in CSF: Objective Markers of Structural Brain Damage.- Time Course of Brain Tissue Pressure in Temporal Fluid Percussion Injury.- Improved Outcome as a Result of Recognition of Absent and Compressed Cisterns on Initial CT Scans.- An Effacement Score for Basal Cisterns to Predict ICP Level and Outcome After Severe Closed Head Injury.- The Relation Between Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and a Regional Lesion Index Based on CT-Scans in Patients with Extradural Hematomas.- Volume/Pressure Rebound with Mannitol in Head Injured Patients with Raised ICP.- Prospective, Randomized Trial of THAM Therapy in Severe Brain Injury: Preliminary Results.- THAM (Tromethamine, “Tris-Buffer”): Effective Therapy of Traumatie Brain Swelling?.- rCBF Following an Experimental Missile Wound to the Brain.- Transtentorial Brain Herniation in the Monkey: Predictive Value of Brain-Stem Auditory and Somatosensory Evoked Responses.- Relationship Between Clinical Course, CT Scan and ICP in Post-Traumatic Diffuse Lesions.- Effeet of Prophylactic Hyperventilation on Outcomc in Patients with Severe Head Injury.- The PA/ICP-Relation in Head-injured Patients: Is There Only One Relationship?.- Tomographic Mapping of CBF, CBV and Blood Brain Barrier Changes in Humans After Focal Head Injury, Using SPECT-Mechanisms for Late Deterioration.- Optimal Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Head Injury.- Effect of Stable Xenon Inhalation on ICP in Head Injury.- Experimental Epidural Bleeding in Swine: ICP Course, Mass Displacement, Changes in Brain Tissue Water and the Effects of INFIT.- Cerebral Coneussion Suppresses Hippocampal Long-term Potentiation (LTP) in Rats.- Histological Changes of the Brain by Experimental Extradural Compression.- Effeet of Hemorrhagic Hypotension on CBF and ICP After Brain Missile Wounding in Anesthetized Paralyzed Cats.- The Relation Between Mass Effeet of Extradural Hematomas and Glasgow Coma Seale (GCS).- Predicting Neuropsychological Outcome by Physiological Parameters of Severe Head Injured Patients.- Neuronal Dysfunction and Intracranial Pressure: Multimodal Monitoring of Severely Brain-Damaged Patients.- Methodology of Spectral Analysis of the Intracranial Pressure Waveform in a Head Injury Intensive Care Unit.- Effects of Intracranial Hypertension on Evolution of Post-Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma.- Experimental Arterial Subdural Bleeding.- Hyperacute Arrest of Intracranial Bleeding with Intracranial Fluid Infusion Tamponade Treatment (INFIT).- Blood Volume Responsivity to ICP Change in Head Injured Patients.- Relation Between CBF, ICP and PVI in Severely Head Injured Children.- Biochemical and Biophysical Parameters Under Thiopental Infusion in Severe Head Injured Patients.- ICP-Course After Weaning from Artificial Ventilation in Patients with Severe Brain Trauma.- Evaluation of Medical Management for Severe Head Injury.- Intracranial Pressure Changes in Response to Deep Brain Stimulation in Traumatic Prolonged Coma Patients.- The Use of Narcotics and Hyperventilation for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Brain Swelling: Theoretical Basis and Clinical Experience.- Relationship Between Attenuation Changes on CT and Posttraumatic CSF-CKBB-Activity in Severely Head-Injured Patients.- ICP and Biomechanical Responses After Closed Impact Injury to the Spinal Cord.- Intracranial Pressure in Experimental Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.- Cortical Tissue Pressure in Injured Brain After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.- Experimental Hypertensive Putaminal Hemorrhage: Part 1. Physiological Study.- Experimental Hypertensive Putaminal Hemorrhage: Part 2. Pathological Study.- Estimation of Intracranial Pressure in Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Based on CT.- Intracranial Pressure (ICP) and Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity (BFV) in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Under Treatment with Nimodipine.- ICP in the Diagnosis of Acute Hydrocephalus After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.- Resistance to Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow Following Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.- External Ventricular Drainage in the Management of Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Rupture Into the Ventricles.- Effects of Glycerol Infusion on Cerebral Blood Flow in Hypertensive Intracerebral Hematoma with Ventricular Hemorrhage.- Pressure Waves and Brain Stem Microcirculatory Disturbance Following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.- Raised Intracranial Pressure (RICP) and Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF): A Comparison of Xenon Clearance and Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPET).- Cerebral Energy Metabolism During Post-Traumatic Hypoventilation.- Effects on Intracranial Pressure In a Clinically-Derived Fluid Resuscitation Protocol Following Hemorrhagic Shock with an Accompanying Intracranial Mass.- Continuous Monitoring of ICP, CPP and BAER. Significance of Concomitant Changes.- The Effect of Posttraumatic Hypoxia on ICP in Rats.- Neuro-Intensive Care for Cerebral Herniation in Childhood Meningitis.- ICP, CSF Outflow Resistance and Brain Edema in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis.- Brain Edema, ICP and CSF Outflow Resistance in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis: Effect of Mannitol and Antiinflammatory Drugs.- Changes of Intracranial Pressure in a Rat Meningitis Model.- Session VI: Free Radicals.- Oxygen Radicals in Experimental Brain Injury.- Oxygen Free Radicals in the Genesis of Traumatic Brain Edema.- Reduction of Intracranial Hypertension with Free Radical Scavengers.- Allopurinol and Dimethylthiourea Limit Infarct Size in Partial Ischemia.- The Effect of Superoxide Dismutase on Rabbit Brain Reperfusion Injury.- The Role of Catecholamine-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Histamine in Ischemic Brain Edema.- Session VII: Cerebral Perfusion and Metabolism.- ICP and PVI with Blood Pressure Alterations and Relation with CBF Autoregulation.- Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, Autoregulation and the PVI Reflection Point: Pathological ICP.- Pressure-volume Index as a Function of Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, Autoregulation and Anesthesia.- A Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Greater than 80 mm Hg is More Beneficial.- Vasodilatory Cascade: ICP Response to CPP Level and Reduction Rate.- Experimental Study of the Correlation Between Evoked Potentials (SEP and AEP) and the Perfusion Pressure.- Correct Measurement of Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP).- Critical Thresholds of Rebound of ICP After Cerebral Compression.- Critical Thresholds of ICP and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) for Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Functions — Noninvasive Study.- Flow Threshold in Increased Intracranial Pressure.- Influences of Intracranial Pressure on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow.- Circulatory Disturbances of Cerebral Blood Vessels During Increased Intracranial Pressure.- Two Dimensional Analysis of Microcirculation, Vascular Permeability, Energy Metabolism, Ion Exchanges in Intracranial Hypertension.- Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Correlation with Cytochrome a, a3 and Hemoglobin Redox State Measured by Noninvasive Near Infrared Spectrophotometry.- Cerebral Hemodynamics in Benign Intracranial Hypertension Studied with PET.- CBF-Studies in Patients with NPH: The Frontal Flow Pattern.- Perioperative Intracranial Hypertension in Patients with Supratentorial Tumors: Role of CBF Changes vs Importance of Mass Effect.- Local Brain Pressure, Microcirculation and pH During Neurosurgical Operations.- Effects of Barbiturate Anesthesia and Hyperventilation on CBF in Patients with Brain Tumors.- Barbiturates, Cerebral Blood Flow and Intracranial Hypertension.- Cerebral Vasoconstriction is Not Maintained with Prolonged Hyperventilation.- The Effect of High Frequency Ventilation on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Autoregulation in Rabbits.- Effects of Glycerol on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism.- Effects of Glycerol on Brain Function in Normal Volunteers — Study on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, Average Topographie EEG and Significance Probability Mapping.- Intracranial Pressures in Conscious Sheep During 72 Hours of Hypoxia.- Correlation Between Epidural Pressure and Cerebral Metabolism in Rat with Main Cerebral Artery Occlusion with Silicone Embolus.- Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rabbit Brain.- Changes in Vascular Permeability to FITC-Dextran Following Temporary Occlusion of Middle Cerebral Artery in CAT.- Oxidative Metabolism of 6-(14C)-Glucose During Normoxia, Hypoxia, and Recovery.- The Effect of Cerebral Edema on Reperfusion Blood Flow Deficit in Ischemic Animals.- Critical Time After Reversible Brain Ischemia for Pentobarbital Administration in the Gerbil.- Recovery Rates of Evoked Potentials, Intracellular pH and Bicarbonate Ion After ICP-Induced Ischemia.- An Experimental Model of “Brain Tamponade”. Preliminary Observations on ICP Dynamies, Carotid Blood Flow Velocitometry and EEG Activity.- Cerebral Microvascular Flow Measured by Laser Doppler.- Vasomotor Response and Blood-Brain Barrier Function of Rat Brain Studied in a Closed Cranial Window Preparation.- Session VIII: Edema.- Effect of the Pressure Gradient on Hydrostatic Brain Edema.- Preservation of Tissue Sampies for Measurement of Cerebral Edema.- A CT Study on Formation, Propagation and Resolution of Brain Edema Fluid in Human Peritumoral Edema.- Statistical Analysis of Changes in Topographie EEG on Brain Tumor Cases with Peritumoral Edema.- The Blood: Brain Osmotic Gradient in Ischemic Brain Injury.- Brain Biomechanics and Focal Ischemic Injury.- The Role of Oxidative Reactions in Decompression Ischemic Edema.- Fatal Brain Edema After Total Cerebral Ischemia in Man.- Effect of Mannitol on Ischemic Brain Edema.- Colloid Volume Expansion and Brain Edema.- The Effect of IV Fluids on Cerebral Edema After Experimental Blunt Head Trauma.- The Effects of Nonsteroid Anti-Inflammatory Agent BW755C on Traumatic and Peritumoral Brain Edema.- Effects of Recombinant Lipocortin on Brain Edema of Cytotoxic and Vasogenic Type.- Anti-Edema Effect of Protease Inhibitors.- Thromboxane Inhibition Does Not Prevent Brain Edema After Head Trauma.- Is There No Way for the Treatment of Ischemic Brain Edema?.- Acute Brain Swelling and Edema by Stimulation of the Medullary Reticular Formation in Cold Injured Brain.- Time-Dependent Effects of Central Vasopressin Administration on Cold-Induced Vasogenic Edema in Cats.- The Effect of Hyperglycemia on the Progression of Vasogenic Edema Following Cold Injury.- Effects of Arterial Hypertension and Jugular Vein Ligation on Edema Formation in Acute Brain Swelling Induced by Multiple Cold Lesions.- Brain Edema and Calcium Content Following Closed Head Injury.- Elevated Brain Water During Urease-Induced Hyperammonemia in Dogs.- Study on FGP Cells in Cerebral Edema.- Intracranial Serum Proteins Under Several Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Conditions. Electrophoretographic Analysis.- Cerebra I Endothelial Regeneration Following Brain Injury.- Neurological Complications of Eclampsia.