Interregional Air Pollution Modelling: The State of the Art

ISBN-13: 9781468412475 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 278 str.

S. Zwerver; J. Van Dam; J. Van Dam

Opis

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) established the "Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society" (CCMS) at the November 1969 meeting of the North Atlantic Council. The CCMS was charged with developing meaningful environmen tal and social programs that complement other international pro grams, and with showing leadership, first, in solution of exist ing problems and, second, in development of long-range goals for environmental protection in the NATO sphere of influence and in other countries as well. A first Pilot Study on Air Pollution was initiated by the CCMS at its inaugural meeting in December 1969. It resulted in documents about the definition of criteria for the effects of air pollutants as well as the development of assess ment methods for air quality in urban areas. A second Air Pollution Pilot Study (1975-1979) worked out the basics for setting up assessment methods for emissions inven tories, techniques for the practical application of meteorologi cal diffusion models as well as the development of guidelines for an Air Quality Management System (AQMS). Within this second Air Pollution Pilot Study attention to modelling concentrated on the Gaussian Plume Model. A third Pilot Study on Air Pollution Control Strategies and Impact Modelling then was initiated in 1979 and started in 1980."

Spis treści

Summary.- 1 Introduction.- 2. Interregional modelling Updated version of NATO-CCMS document No. 126 by.- I. Notation.- II. Introduction.- III. General Features of Interregional Transport Models.- IV. Atmospheric Transport.- V. Air Pollution Components.- VI. Chemical Processes and Deposition.- VII. Input Requirements.- VIII. Numerical Methods.- IX. Review of Interregional Transport Models.- X. References.- 3. Removal and transformation processes in the atmosphere with respect to SO2 and NOX Updated version of NATO-CCMS document No. 127 by.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Deposition.- a. Introduction.- b. Dry deposition.- c. Wet deposition.- III. Chemical Conversion in the Atmosphere.- a. Introduction.- b. Concentration of hydroxyl radicals in ambient air.- c. Conversion of sulphur dioxide.- d. Conversion of NOX (nitrogen oxides).- IV. Removal of Pollutants in Plumes.- a. Introduction.- b. Sulphur dioxide.- c. Nitrogen oxides.- V. Literature.- 4. A comparison between four different interregional air pollution models Published earlier as NATO-CCMS document No. 155.- I. Introduction.- II. Description of the Models.- a. The THD-model.- b. The KNMI-model.- c. The TNO(SAI)-model.- d. The RIV-model.- III. Phase I—Dispersion from a Hypothetical Source in a Homogeneous Flow Field.- a. The model experiments of Phase I.- b. The analytical model.- c. Differences between the models.- d. Discussion of the results of Phase I.- IV. Data Bases.- a. Emission data base.- b. Meteorological data base.- c. Monitoring data base.- V. Analysis of Phases II And III.- a. Analysis of the ?-episode (1979).- b. Analysis of the ?-episode (1980).- c. Analysis of the ?-episode (1981).- VI. Summary.- VII. Conclusions and Recommendations.- References.