International Aspects of UK Economic Activities

ISBN-13: 9789401169547 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 344 str.

P. Buckley;R.D. Pearce

Opis

The Sources and Nature of the Statistics of the United Kingdom, produced under the auspices of the Royal Statistical Society and edited by Maurice Kendall, filled a notable gap on the library shelves when it made its appearance in the early post-war years. Through a series of critical reviews by many of the foremost national experts, it constituted a valuable contemporary guide to statisticians working in many fields as well as a bench-mark to which historians of the development of Statistics in this country are likely to return again and again. The Social Science Research Council (now the Economic and Social Research Council) and the Society were both delighted when Professor Maunder came forward with the proposal that a revised version should be produced, indicating as well his willingness to take on the onerous task of editor (a task in which he was assisted from 1985 by Professor Fleming). The two bodies were more than happy to act as co-sponsors of the project and to help in its planning through a joint steering committee. The result, we are confident, will be judged a worthy successor to the previous volumes by the very much larger 'statistics public' that has come into being in the intervening years. DAVID STAFFORD Secretary Economic and Social Research Council B. W. SILVERMAN Honorary Secretary Royal Statistical Society vii MEMBERSHIP OF JOINT STEERING COMMITTEE (December 1987) Chairman: Miss S. V. Cunliffe Representing the Royal Statistical Society: Mr M. C. Fessey Dr S.

Recenzje

..a comprehensive review of existing sources and, although the picture will undoubtedly change, it will be an invaluable reference work for many year. - Journal of Royal Society Statistical

Spis treści

of Review 44.- 0 Outline.- 0.1 Introduction.- 0.1.1 Overview.- 0.1.2 Structure of the Volume.- 0.1.3 Coverage.- 0.1.4 International Comparability.- 1 United Kingdom Balance of Payments.- 1.1 General.- 1.1.1 Structure.- 1.1.2 Residence.- 1.1.3 Accounting Principles.- 1.1.4 Interdependencies.- 1.2 Statistics: the Balance of Payments Basis.- 1.2.1 The Balancing Item.- 1.3 Reliability of Balance of Payments Data.- 1.3.1 General.- 1.3.2 Reliability: Visible Trade.- 1.3.3 Reliability: Invisible Trade.- 1.3.4 Reliability: Current Account.- 1.3.5 Reliability: Transactions in External Assets and Liabilities.- 1.3.6 Reliability of Balance of Payments Data: Summary.- 1.4 The Current Account.- 1.4.1 Visible Trade: Exports and Imports.- 1.4.2 The Current Balance.- 1.5 The Capital Account.- 1.5.1 Official Financing.- 1.6 UK Transactions within the European Community.- 1.7 Balance of Payments in National Accounts Form.- 1.8 CSO Databank Dataset.- 2 United Kingdom Visible Trade.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Definition.- 2.3 Classificdtion.- 2.3.1 Classification Pre-1988.- 2.3.2 Classification Post-1988.- 2.3.3 Erratics.- 2.3.4 Transit Trade.- 2.3.5 Parcel Post.- 2.3.6 Low Value Consignments.- 2.3.7 Exclusions.- 2.3.8 Additional Information.- 2.3.9 Terminology.- 2.4 Direction of Trade.- 2.5 Commodity Composition of Trade.- 2.5.1 Area x Commodity Analysis.- 2.5.2 Commodity Flow Accounts.- 2.5.3 Special Chemical Statistics.- 2.5.4 Correspondence between SITC (R) and SIC.- 2.6 Gold and Monetary Items.- 2.7 Timing and Correction.- 2.7.1 Reliability of Overseas Trade Statistics.- 2.8 Valuation of Trade.- 2.9 Cross-Classification: Invoicing Currency.- 2.10 Index Numbers: Unit Values and Volumes.- 2.10.1 The Terms of Trade.- 2.11 Import Penetration and Export Sales Ratios.- 2.12 Competitiveness.- 2.13 Scotland.- 2.14 Northern Ireland.- 2.15 Customs Duties.- 2.16 Implications of the European Internal Market.- 3 UK Invisible Trade.- 3.1 Overview.- 3.2 Invisibles: Services.- 3.2.1 Valuation of Services and Coverage.- 3.2.2 General Government.- 3.2.3 Sea Transport.- 3.2.4 Civil Aviation.- 3.2.5 Travel.- 3.2.6 Financial and Other Services.- 3.3 Invisibles: Earnings on UK External Assets and Liabilities.- 3.3.1 Earnings on Direct Investment.- 3.3.2 Earnings on Portfolio Investment.- 3.3.3 Other Earnings on External Assets and Liabilities.- 3.3.4 Summary.- 3.4 Net Overseas Earnings of UK Financial Institutions.- 3.4.1 Coverage.- 3.5 Transfers.- 3.5.1 General Government Transfers.- 3.5.2 Private Transfers.- 3.5.3 Other Information on Transfers.- 3.6 Invisibles: Final Comments.- 4 International Capital Movements.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Transactions in UK External Assets and Liabilities.- 4.2.1 Direct Investment.- 4.2.2 Portfolio Investment.- 4.2.3 Transactions of UK Banks.- 4.2.4 Transactions of Other UK Residents.- 4.2.5 Transactions of General Government.- 4.2.6 Reliability.- 4.3 Levels of UK External Assets and Liabilities.- 4.3.1 Valuation and Coverage.- 4.3.2 Direct Investment.- 4.3.3 Portfolio Investment.- 4.3.4 Assets and Liabilities of UK Banks.- 4.3.5 Assets and Liabilities of General Government.- 4.4 Financial Accounts and Balance of Payments Accounts.- 4.5 Financial Statistics Data.- 5 Outward and Inward Direct Investment.- 5.1 Introduction and Definitions.- 5.1.1 Introduction.- 5.1.2 Direct Investment—General Sources.- 5.1.3 Definitions of Direct Investment.- 5.1.4 UK Applications.- 5.1.5 Organisation of Area Coverage.- 5.2 UK Direct Investment Overseas—Book Values.- 5.2.1 Introduction and Definition.- 5.2.2 Country Data.- 5.2.3 Industry Data.- 5.2.4 Forms of Organisation.- 5.2.5 Percentage Shareholding.- 5.2.6 Size of UK Enterprises’ Direct Investment.- 5.2.7 Balance Sheet Analysis of Overseas Subsidiaries.- 5.2.8 Balance Sheet Analysis of Overseas Branches.- 5.2.9 Date of Establishment Data.- 5.3 UK Direct Investment Overseas—Annual Transactions.- 5.3.1 Introduction and Definitions.- 5.3.2 Area and Main Country Analysis.- 5.3.3 Industry and Country Analysis.- 5.3.4 Components of Investment.- 5.3.5 Investment Earnings by Area and Main Country.- 5.3.6 Investment Earnings by Industry and Country.- 5.3.7 Investment Earnings: Components of Earnings.- 5.3.8 Flows of Payments for Royalties and Services from Affiliates.- 5.4 Direct Investment in the UK—Book Values.- 5.4.1 Introduction.- 5.4.2 Country Data.- 5.4.3 Industry Data.- 5.4.4 Forms of Organisation.- 5.4.5 Percentage Shareholding.- 5.4.6 Size of Enterprise Data.- 5.4.7 Balance Sheet Data of Foreign Susidiaries in the UK.- 5.4.8 Balance Sheet Data of Foreign Branches in the UK.- 5.4.9 Date of Establishment Data.- 5.5 Foreign Direct Investment in UK—Annual Transactions.- 5.5.1 Introduction and Definitions.- 5.5.2 Area and Country Analysis.- 5.5.3 Industry and Country Analysis.- 5.5.4 Components of Investment.- 5.5.5 Earnings Data by Investing Area and Country.- 5.5.6 Earnings Data by Industry and Investing Country.- 5.5.7 Earnings Data by Components of Earnings.- 5.5.8 Earnings from UK Affiliates to Overseas Investors.- 5.6 Foreign Enterprises in UK Manufacturing: Census of Production Data.- 5.6.1 Introduction.- 5.6.2 Country of Origin Data.- 5.6.3 Industry Data.- 5.6.4 Regional Data.- 5.6.5 Participation of Foreign Enterprises in UK Manufacturing.- 5.6.6 Foreign-Owned Manufacturing Units in the UK.- 5.7 UK Direct Investment—Comparative Position.- 5.7.1 Problems in Inter-Country Comparisons.- 5.7.2 IMF Data.- 5.7.3 IRM Directory.- 5.8 UK Outward and Inward Direct Investment—Acquisitions.- 5.8.1 Introduction.- 5.8.2 Outward Acquisitions.- 5.8.3 Inward Acquisitions.- 6 Royalties and Miscellaneous Payments and Receipts.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Royalties and Similar Transactions.- 6.2.1 Introduction and Definitions.- 6.2.2 Aggregate Values.- 6.2.3 Country Data.- 6.2.4 Industry Data.- 6.3 Film and TV Transactions.- 6.3.1 Introduction.- 6.3.2 Overseas Transactions in Film and Television Material.- 6.3.3 Cinema Films by Area and Type of Transaction.- 6.3.4 Cinema Films by Type of Company.- 6.3.5 BBC and IBA Contractors.- 6.4 Direct Exports.- 6.4.1 Introduction.- 6.4.2 Large Exporters Analysed by Size of Exports.- 6.4.3 Total Exports Analysed by Category of Enterprise.- 6.4.4 Category of Enterprise and Main Industrial Activity.- 6.4.5 Category of Enterprise and Size of Total Exports.- 6.4.6 Terms of Original Credit.- 7 International Transactions of UK Monetary and Banking Sector.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Balance Sheet Data.- 7.2.1 Banks’ Balance Sheets (Aggregates).- 7.2.2 Banks’ Balance Sheets—Monthly Reporting Institutions.- 7.2.3 Balance Sheets—Quarterly Reporting Institutions.- 7.2.4 Discount Market: Balance Sheet.- 7.2.5 UK Monetary Sector: Consolidated Balance Sheet.- 7.3 Central Government Overseas Transactions.- 7.3.1 Overseas Contribution to Government Borrowing Requirement.- 7.3.2 External Transactions in Marketable Government Debt.- 7.4 External Liabilities and Claims of the UK Monetary Sector.- 7.4.1 Introduction.- 7.4.2 Institutions Covered.- 7.4.3 UK Monetary Sector Liabilities.- 7.4.4 UK Monetary Sector Claims.- 7.5 Consolidated External Claims and Unused Commitments.- 7.5.1 Introduction.- 7.5.2 Outstanding Claims with a Contractual Repayment Date.- 7.5.3 Unused External Commitments.- 7.6 External Liabilities and Claims in Sterling.- 7.6.1 Central Monetary Institutions and International Organisations.- 7.6.2 Banking and Money-Market Liabilities to Other Holders.- 7.6.3 Loans, Advances and Balances.- 7.6.4 Bills and Acceptances.- 7.6.5 Securities.- 7.7 Official Reserves.- 7.8 UK Government and Other Public Sector Foreign Currency Debt.- 7.8.1 Introduction.- 7.8.2 Total Official Foreign Currency Debt.- 7.8.3 Total Public Sector Commercial Foreign Currency Borrowing.- 7.9 Balance of Payments ‘Pink Book’ Data.- 7.9.1 Distinctive Facets of ‘Pink Book’ Data.- 7.9.2 Banking Sector.- 7.9.3 Assets and Liablitites of Banking Sector—Annual Transactions.- 7.9.4 Assets and Liabilities of Banking Sector—Balance Sheet Data.- 8 Sterling Exchange Rates.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Sources.- 8.2.1 CSO Financial Statistics Data.- 8.2.2 Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin Data.- 8.2.3 Economic Trends Data.- 8.2.4 CSO UK Balance of Payments Data.- 8.2.5 IMF International Financial Statistics Data.- 9 UK Foreign Aid.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 UK Foreign Aid—Main Components.- 9.2.1 Introduction.- 9.2.2 Net Aid Programme.- 9.2.3 Net Public Expenditure on Overseas Aid.- 9.2.4 Total Official Aid Flows.- 9.2.5 Official Development Assistance and Other Official Flows.- 9.3 UK Foreign Aid—Gross Expenditure.- 9.3.1 Bilateral and Multilateral Aid Flows.- 9.3.2 Project Aid and Non-Project Aid; Terms of Aid.- 9.3.3 Geographical Distribution of Bilateral Aid.- 9.3.4 Aid Commitments—Grant Elements of Commitments.- 9.3.5 Contributions to Multilateral Agencies.- 9.3.6 Project Aid by Sector.- 9.4 UK Foreign Aid—Technical Co-operation Expenditure.- 9.4.1 Types of Technical Co-operation.- 9.4.2 Alternative Data Source.- 9.5 UK Foreign Aid—Debt Relief.- 9.6 Commonwealth Development Corporation.- 9.6.1 Introduction.- 9.6.2 CDC—Project Level Information.- 9.7 UK Foreign Aid—Gross Bilateral Expenditure by Recipient Country.- 9.7.1 Components of Bilateral Aid given by Country.- 9.7.2 Alternative Data Source.- 9.8 UK Foreign Aid—Technical Co-operation, Manpower Data.- 9.8.1 Introduction.- 9.8.2 Ways of Categorising Manpower Data.- 9.8.3 Status of Manpower by Means of Financing.- 9.8.4 Technical Assistance Manpower by Assisted Regions.- 9.8.5 Technical Assistance Manpower by Field of Assignment.- 9.8.6 Provision of Training in Technical Co-operation.- 9.8.7 Training by Region.- 9.8.8 Training by Subject and Economic Sector.- 9.8.9 Technical Assistance Manpower and Training.- 9.9 UK Foreign Aid—Comparative Performance.- 9.9.1 Introduction.- 9.9.2 World Development Report Data.- 9.9.3 OECD Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows Data.- 9.9.4 OECD DAC Development Co-operation Data.- 10 International Flows of Labour.- 10.1 Basic Information.- 10.2 International Passenger Survey (IPS).- 10.3 International Migration.- 11 Desirable Improvements and Future Developments.- 11.1 General Problems.- 11.2 The UK Balance of Payments.- 11.3 UK Visible Trade.- 11.4 UK Invisible Trade.- 11.4.1 Services.- 11.4.2 Earnings of UK External Assets and Liabilities.- 11.4.3 The City.- 11.4.4 Transfers.- 11.5 International Capital Movements.- 11.6 Outward and Inward Direct Investment.- 11.7 Royalties and Miscellaneous Transactions.- 11.8 International Transactions of the UK Monetary and Banking Sector.- 11.9 Sterling Exchange Rates.- 11.10 UK Foreign Aid.- 11.11 International Flows of Labour of the UK.- 11.12 Summary.- Quick Reference List Table of Contents.- Quick Reference List.- Quick Reference List Key to Publications.- Addendum.- List of Appendices.- Appendices.