(morphology of components and musculature, feeding types, special mouthpart functions, brief overview of mouthparts in hexapod orders, larvae and adults)

1.2 Biting-chewing mandibles in Dictyoptera and other taxa (Tom Weihmann & Benjamin Wipfler, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany)

(biomechanics of biting-chewing mandibles, food processing, preformance and musculature in cockroach)

1.3 Morphology of proboscises in suction feeding insects (Harald Krenn, University Vienna, Austria)

(general composition of proboscises and sucking pumps, main functional types: piercing-sucking, lapping-sucking, sucking, biting-sucking)

1.4 Functional morphology and development of piercing-sucking mouthparts in Hemiptera (Roman Rakitov)

(morphology of mouthparts in Hemiptera, morphogenesis of stylets, hatching and interlocking of components, diversity and evolution of diet types, convergent evolution to ovipositors)

1.5 Suspension and Filter Feeding in Aquatic Insects (Donald Yee & Michael Kaufman; Department of Biological Sciences, Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Section, Illinois, USA)

(varipous modes of consumption of suspended particles, feeding behavior, morphology of mouth parts, and trophic importance)

1.6 Functional morphology and evolution of mouthparts in Vespidae (Volker Mauss, Naturhistorisches Museum Stuttgart, Germany) & Harald Krenn, University Vienna, Austria)

(multiple tasks of complex mouthparts, adaptations to floral rewards and social behaviour)

1.7 Proboscides of bees (John Plant)

(mouthparts of short-tongued and long-tongued Apoidea, modes of feeding, evolution of insect-flower interplay)

1.8 Pincers, stylets, nectar-licking tongues – the diversity of mouthparts in larval and adult Neuroptera (Dominique Zimmermann, S. Randolf & U. Aspöck)

(mouthparts of larvae in various taxa, metamorphosis, ground pattern and feeding habits of adult Neuroptera, head musculature, adaptations to food sources, functional correlations of biting apparatus)

1.9 Structure and evolution of Mouthparts in Coleoptera (Rolf Beutel, E, Anton & M. Yavorskaya)

(adults and larval mouthparts of Coleoptera, groundplan and adaptations to food substances)

1.10 Ecomorphology of mouthparts in flower-visiting beetles (Florian Karolyi, University Vienna, Austria)

(feeding guilds, adaptation to pollen and nectar feeding, attraction of anthophilous beetles)

1.11 Blood feeding mouthparts (Peter Wenk)

Part 2. Form, function and biomechanics

2.1 Evolution of bite performance in early split hexapods (Alexander Blanke, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany)

(functional morphology of mandible and maxilla in early split Hexapoda, ancestral state and evolution of biting performance)

2.2 Evolution of superlong proboscises in flower visiting insects (Julia Bauder, University Vienna, Austria)

(proboscis length and feeding apparatus, costs and benefits of long mouthparts)

2.3 Biomechanics of suction feeding and cuticle properties of proboscises (Matthew Lehnert (Biological Sciences, Kent State University USA) & Qi-Huo Wei)

(liquid mouthpart interface, fluid transport, porous surface structures, sucking pumps, from nanoscale to organismal scale)

2.4 Heavy element biomaterials in mouthparts and other tools (Robert Schofield, University of Oregon)

2.5 Physical determinants of the feeding efficiency of fluid feeding insects (Konstantin Kornev & Peter Adler)

2.6 Herbivorous insects and impact of insect feeding (Fiona Clissold)

Part 3. Fossile record of insect mouthparts

3.1 The fossil record of insect mouthparts: Innovation, functional convergence and co-association with other organisms (Conrad Labandeira, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Washington, USA)

(mouthpart diversification in paleozoic, features of modern mouthparts, fine tuning of mouthparts on the cenozoic, patterns in time and space)

3.2 Long-proboscid mouthparts and deep-throated plant reproductive structures in time and space

Conrad Labandeira (Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Washington, USA) & Lin Xiaodan)

(evolution of siphonate mouthparts, early history on the paleozoic, long-proboscid pollination in mid-mesozoic and cenozoic)

Part 4. Development and genetics of mouthpart formation

4.1 Developmental biology of insect mouthparts (Dave Angelini (Colby College, USA) & Frank Smith)

(serial homology of mouthpart components, embryological origin, developmental genetic patterning of Drosophila, Tribolium, Oncopeltus, development of sensory cells, Evo/devo of mouthparts in outgroup taxa, future directions)

Harald W. Krenn is an Associate Professor at the Department of Integrative Zoology at the University of Vienna (Austria), where he graduated in Zoology and Botany. His current research focuses on the evolutionary morphology of insect mouthparts, integrating new methods of functional morphology with feeding behaviour and ecology under evolutionary perspectives. He is particularly interested in interdisciplinary research on flower-visiting insects, which also involves fieldwork in the Austrian Alps, Neotropical rainforests and the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa.

This is the first comprehensive book focusing on the form and function of insect mouthparts. Written by leading experts, it reviews the current knowledge on feeding types and the evolution of mouthparts and presents new research approaches. The richly illustrated articles cover topics ranging from functional morphology, biomechanics of biting and chewing, and the biophysics of fluid-feeding to the morphogenesis and genetics of mouthpart development, ecomorphology in flower-visiting insects as well as the evolution of mouthparts, including fossil records. Intended for entomologists and scientists interested in interdisciplinary approaches, the book provides a solid basis for future scientific work.

Chapter 6 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

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