Innovation and Structural Change in Post-Socialist Countries: A Quantitative Approach

ISBN-13: 9780792359760 / Angielski / Twarda / 1999 / 451 str.

D. Dyker; S. Radosevic; David A. Dyker

Opis

This book uses a range of S&T and structural indicators to analyse the transfonnation process, in particular the transfonnation of science, technology and industry, in the fonner communist countries. The book originates from a sense of the tremendous need for quantitative indicators for assessing trends and perfonnance in the post-socialist economies. S&T systems in the region have passed through the first phase of rapid deterioration, or as it is called by some analysts 'implosion'. After ten years of transfonnation we are witnessing a process of increasing differentiation of these countries in tenns of general patterns of growth and structural change, as well as specific lines of restructuring in their S&T systems. The question of sources of growth - or indeed of stagnation - is an increasingly urgent one, from both the policy and academic perspectives. In that context there is a pressing need for in-depth assessment of restructuring patterns in science, technology and industry in the region, as a basis for understanding how restructuring in S&T is linked to industrial restructuring, and to general economic and social transfonnation. As the contributions to this volume show, there is now a critical mass of quantitative data across the post-socialist countries which deserves to be studied more thoroughly in a comparative manner. The changes of the last ten years have produced varying patterns of adjustment which are now clearly visible in S&T and structural indicators.

Spis treści

Preface. List of Contributors. Introduction. Part I: Technology, Growth and Structural Change. A Global Perspective on Technology and Economic Performance, and the Implications for the Post-Socialist Countries; B. Verspagen. Patterns of Structural Change in Manufacturing Industry in Central and Eastern Europe; W. Urban. Technology and Industrial Restructuring in Central Europe; M. Knell, D. Hanzl. Part II: Bibliometrics and the Changing Science Landscape. Advances Bibliometric Methods in the Analysis of Research Performance and Scientific Developments: A Contribution to Science Policy in Transition Countries; A.F.J. van Raan. The Structure of Disciplinary Comparative Advantage in Post-Communist Countries; J. Kozlowski, D. Ircha. Bibliometric Analysis of S&T Policy in Bulgaria in the New Economic Conditions; S.A. Rozhkov. Part III: Transformation of R&D. Transformation of R&D in the Post-Socialist Countries: Asset or Liability? W. Meske. Transformation of R&D in the Post-Socialist Countries: Patterns and Trends; L. Gokhberg. R&D Behaviour of Firms in Transition Economies: An Analysis of the Key Determinants; B. Urem. The Transformation Role of FDI in R&D: Analysis Based on Material from a Databank; A. Inzelt. Transformation of R&D in Russia: the Role of Government Priorities; N. Gorodnikova. R&D in East and West Germany since Reunification; C. Grenzmann. Part IV: Technical Change and Innovation: Innovation Surveys. Measuring Technological Innovation in Industry in European Union and Post-Socialist Countries; G. Sirilli. Polish Innovation Surveys: Current Status and Analysis of Results; G. Niedbalska. Specificities of Innovation Activity in Russian Industry; L. Gokhberg, I. Kuznetsova. Innovation Activities in Open and Closed Economic Environments: The Case of the Yugoslav Metal-Processing, Chemicals and Textile Industries in 1987-91 and 1992-96; D.G. Kutlaca. Part V: Trade, Technology and Structural Change. Trade, Technology and Structural Change in Post-Socialist Countries: an Introduction; S. Radosevic, K. Pavitt. Technology and Structural Change in the Trade Patterns of the Former Centrally Planned Economies; P. Guerrieri. Transformation of Technology Patterns of Trade in the Post-Socialist Economies; S. Kubielas. Part VI: Measuring the Rate of Transformation of Technological and Human Resources in Russia. Knowledge Flows in the S&T System; F.D. Gault, W. Hansen. Statistics on Information Technology in Russia; A. Sokolov. Higher Education and the Labour Market in Russia: Trends in the Transition Period; N. Kovaleva. Index.