Initiation and Flame Propagation in Combustion of Gases and Pyrophoric Metal Nanostructures

ISBN-13: 9783030578930 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 244 str.

Nikolai M. Rubtsov; Boris S. Seplyarskii;Michail I. Alymov

Opis

This book presents new data on combustion processes for practical applications, discussing fire safety issues in the development of flame arresters and the use of noble metals in hydrogen recombiners for nuclear power plants. It establishes the basic principles of production of metal nanostructures, namely nanopowders of metals and compact products made of them, with the preservation of the unique properties of nanoproducts.

Spis treści

Preface………………………………………………………………………………………2

Acknowledgments…………………………………………………………………………..9

Contents……………………………………………………………………………………..9

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………11

Chapter I.  Gas-dynamic factors in combustion processes …………………………………24

Introduction to Chapter I……………………………………………………………………24

§1. Penetration of the laminar flames of natural gas–oxygen mixtures through

conical obstacles…………………………………………………………………………….34

§2. The features of penetration of methane-oxygen flames through flat obstacles with several openings……………………………………………………………………………………..40

§3. Interaction of laminar flames of natural gas-oxygen mixtures with planar obstacles with asymmetrical openings………………………………………………………………………48

§4. Catalytic activity of platinum and palladium in gaseous reactions of hydrogen and methane oxidation at low pressures……………………………………………………………………55

§ 5. Thermoacoustic regimes of combustion of n-pentane-air mixtures in the region of negative temperature coefficient………………………………………………………………………..62

§6. The features of combustion of hydrogen and methane in oxygen and air in the presence of difluorodichloromethane additives……………………………………………………………71

References to Chapter I………………………………………………………………………..85

Conclusions to Chapter I……………………………………………………………………….95

Chapter II

Ignition and combustion of the mixtures of hydrogen and hydrocarbons with air and oxygen over noble metals……………………………………………………………………………………97

Introduction to Chapter II………………………………………………………………………97

§1. Experimental study of methane combustion over metallic palladium upon flame penetration through obstacles………………………………………………………………………………101

§2. The features of hydrogen ignition over Pt and Pd foils at low pressures………………….107

§3. Study of combustion of hydrogen–air and hydrogen–methane–air mixtures over the palladium metal surface using a hyperspectral sensor and high-speed color filming……………………114.

§4. Ignition of hydrogen-hydrocarbon (C₁-C₆) -air mixtures over Pd at pressures 1÷2 atm…124

§5.  Ignition of hydrogen-oxygen and stoichiometric hydrogen-methane-oxygen mixtures over hot wires at low pressures………………………………………………………………………….131

§6. A negative temperature coefficient phenomenon in the combustion of hydrogen-propane-air mixtures, initiated with palladium……………………………………………………………..139

§7. Features of hydrogen ignition over noble metals (Rhodium, Ruthenium, Palladium, Platinum) at low pressures…………………………………………………………………………………145

§8. Features of hydrogen and deuterium ignition over noble metals (Rhodium, Palladium) at low pressures. Inverse isotope effect……………………………………………………................155

References to Chapter II………………………………………………………………………..162

Conclusions to Chapter II……………………………………………………………………….171

Chapter III.

Ignition and passivation of nanopowders and compact samples

made of nanopowders…………………………………………………………………………..173

Introduction to Chapter III………………………………………………………………………173

§1. Features of combustion and passivation of nickel nanoparticles……………………………185

§2. Passivation of nickel nanoparticles at subzero temperatures………………………………..193

§3. Macrokinetic analysis of passivation of pyrophoric powders……………………………….200

§4. Effect of the initial temperature on the modes of passivation of pyrophoric powders: macrokinetic approach………………………………………………………………………207

§5. The modes of combustion of copper nanopowders……………………………………..214

§6. Synthesis, the modes of combustion and passivation of tungsten nanopowders………..222

§7. Macrokinetic investigation of the interaction mechanism of pyrophoric iron nanopowder compacts with the air…………………………………………………………………………229

References to the Chapter III…………………………………………………………………238

Conclusions to Chapter III……………………………………………………………………245

Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………………247

O autorze

Rubtsov Nickolai obtained his Dr.Sci (Chemistry) in Moscow State University in 1997. He is a Main researcher at the Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science (Russian Academy of Sciences) and his work areas include experimental chemical kinetics; branching chain processes; detonation; vibronically excited particles as intermediates of complicated chain reactions; numerical simulation of combustion processes, protecting of metallization layers in VLSI; tautomeric equilibriums; solid combustion; and nanoparticles combustion.

Seplyarskii Boris S. has a Ph.D. in Physics, Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science (Russian Academy of Sciences)  (1978). He is a Senior Researcher and Head of the Laboratory of Combustion of Heterogeneous Systems, Institute of Structural Macrokinetics, Russian Academy of Sciences since 2004. His expertise comprises theory and mathematical modeling of solid-solid and filtration combustion, including combustion synthesis of materials; theory of ignition of condensed and two-phase media and the theory of ignition of gas suspensions; theory of combustion and passivation of pyrophoric nanoparticles.

Alymov Michail I. is the Director of the Merzhanov Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Materials Science Russian Academy of Sciences, (ISMAN), and Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He obtained his Dr. Sci. (Solid State Physics) at the Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science RAS, 1997, and Ph.D. in Solid State Physics at Moscow Institute of Physics Engineering, USSR, 1987. His research interests are in the field of material science, powder metallurgy and nanomaterials.