Information and Measurement

ISBN-13: 9781138429949 / Angielski / Twarda / 2023 / 310 str.

J.C.G Lesurf

Opis

Information technology is arguably the most important scientific topic needed for understanding and participating in our increasingly complex technological world. Using simple physical arguments and extensive examples, Information and Measurement, Second Edition shows how this theory can be put into practice. Twice awarded the UK National Metrology Prize by the National Physical Laboratory for his outstanding contributions to measurement science and technology, the author includes the basic mathematical, physical, and engineering concepts required, illustrating their interrelationship in a clear, concise manner. The broad coverage includes topics taught in a variety of courses.

This book will be an invaluable study aid for senior undergraduate and graduate students in physics, electrical engineering, and computer science, specifically studying instrumentation, measurement science, and information science. It will also be a useful reference for practicing scientists and engineers.

Information technology is arguably the most important scientific topic needed for understanding and participating in our complex technological world. Using simple physical arguments and examples, this book shows how this theory can be put into practice. It is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students in physics and computer science.

Spis treści

Preface Chapter 1 - Where does information come from? 1.1 Introduction 1.2 What is information? 1.3 Accuracy and resolution Chapter 2 - Signals and messages 2.1 Sending information 2.2 How much information in a message? Chapter 3 - Noise 3.1 The sources of noise 3.2 Johnson noise 3.3 Shot noise 3.4 An alternative way to describe noise 3.5 Other sorts of noise Chapter 4 - Uncertain measurements 4.1 Doubtful information and errors Chapter 5 - Surprises and redundancy Chapter 6 - Detecting and correcting mistakes 6.1 Errors and the law! 6.2 Pa1ity and blocks 6.3 Choosing a code system Chapter 7 - The sampling theorem 7.1 Fourier transforms and signals of finite length 7.2 The sampling theorem and signal reconstruction Chapter 8 -The information carrying capacity of a channel 8.1 Signals look like noise! 8.2 Shannon's equation 8.3 Choosing an efficient transmission system 8.4 Noise, quantisation, and dither Chapter 9 - The CD player as an information channel 9.1 The CD as an information channel 9.2 The CD encoding process Chapter 10 - The CD player as a measurement system Chapter 11 - Oversampling, noise shaping, and digital filtering 11.1 The CD player as a digital signal processing system Chapter 12 - Analog or digital? 12.1 Is the world 'analog'? 12.2 The 'digital' defects of the long playing record Chapter 13 - Sensors and amplifiers 13.1 Basic properties of sensors 13.2 Amplifier noise 13.3 Specifying amplifier noise Chapter 14-Power coupling and optimum S/N 14.1 Optimising signal/noise ratio 14.2 Behaviour of cascaded amplifiers and transmission lines Chapter 15 - Signal averaging 15.1 Measuring signals in the presence of noise 15.2 The problems of simple averaging Chapter 16 - Phase sensitive detection Chapter 17 - Synchronous integration 17.1 'Boxcar' detection systems 17.2 Multiplexed and digital systems Chapter 18 - Data compression 18.1 Run-length encoding 18.2 Huffman coding Chapter 19-Data thinning 19.1 The discrete cosine transform 19.2 JPEG compression 19.3 ATRAC audio compression Chapter 20- Chaos rules! 20.1 Driven nonlinear systems and bifurcations 20.2 Chaotic oscillators 20.3 Noise generators Chapter 21 - Spies and secret messages 21.1 Substitution codes 21.2 One time pads 21.3 Mechanical 'randomising' algorithms 21.4 Electronic encryption Chapter 22 - One bit more 22.1 Problems with many bits 22.2 One bit at a time 22.3 From many to one 22.4 First order delta-sigma conversion 22.5 One last bit of chaos! Chapter 23 - What have we here? 23.1 Distinguishing messages 23.2 Correlation 23.3 The effects of noise 23.4 Signal recognition using correlation Chapter 24 - Time and frequency 24.1 The meaning of frequency 24.2 Time and counting 24.3 Effect of noise on counting methods 24.4 Relationship between SNR and jitter level Chapter 25 - Frequency measurement systems 25.1 Phase lock methods 25.2 Resonators and filters 25.3 Fourier transform specu·oscopy Appendix 1 - Solutions to numerical questions Appendix 2 - Programs Getting the message Fornier transforms Fast Fourier transformation Sine oversampling Encrypting information Finding p1ime numbers Index

O autorze

Lesurf, J.C.G