Information Systems and Data Analysis: Prospects -- Foundations -- Applications

ISBN-13: 9783540580577 / Angielski / Miękka / 1994 / 463 str.

Gesellschaft F Ur Klassifikation; Hans-Hermann Bock; Wolfgang Lenski

Opis

The subject of this book is the analysis and processing of structural information or quantitative data, with a special emphasis on classification-related problems and methods. Various different approaches are presented including theoretical, statistical, structural, mathematical, conceptual, linguistic and computational aspects. These methodological investigations are completed by illustrative applications from practice, originating from quite different fields such as artificial intelligence, computer science, data bases, libraries, knowledge-based systems, medical diagnostics, molecular biology and genome analysis, multivariate statistics, marketing, sociology, biological taxonomy, archeology.

Spis treści

I: Information Processing, Classification-Based Approaches, Linguistic and Conceptual Analysis.- Learning and Case-Based Reasoning.- Induction and Case-Based Reasoning for Classification Tasks.- Symbolic Learning and Nearest-Neighbor Classification.- Nonstandard Concepts of Similarity in Case-Based Reasoning.- Learning from Cases for Classification Problem Solving.- Approaches Based on Linguistic Analysis.- Methods of Phoneticizing in Regard to Spelling Variants of Medical Phrases.- Disambiguating Lexical Meaning: Conceptual meta-modelling as a means of controlling semantic language analysis.- Information Retrieval Using Conceptual Representations of Phrases.- Information Processing and Design of Information Systems.- Communication in Distributed Heterogenous Systems.- Prerequisites and Development Perspectives for Information Processing in the Social Sciences.- Aspects of Coupling Logic Programming and Databases.- Processing Scientific Networks in Bibliographic Databases.- Object-Oriented Systems Analysis Applied to the Method Component of a Knowledge-Based System for Data Analysis.- Classification Based Query Evaluation in Knowledge Base Systems.- Uncertainity and Neural Networks.- Neural Networks: Architectures, Learning and Performance.- Reasoning with Uncertainty in Diagnostic Systems.- Conceptual Approaches.- Der klassische und der moderne Begriff des Begriffs. Gedanken zur Geschichte der Begriffsbildung in den exakten Wissenschaften.- Ideas of Algebraic Concept Analysis.- Conceptual Structures in Mathematical Logic and Their Formal Representation.- II: Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Classification and Data Analysis.- Clustering and Discrimination.- Three-Mode Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Three-Way Three-Mode Data.- The Testing of Data Structures with Graph-Theoretical Models.- Geometric Approach to Evaluating Probabilities of Correct Classification into two Gaussian or Spherical Categories.- Jackknife Estimates of Similarity Coefficients Obtained from Quadrat Sampling of Species.- Clustering Techniques in the Computing Environment XploRe.- On the Application of Discriminant Analysis in Medical Diagnostics.- Similarity Searching in Databases of Three-Dimensional Chemical Structures.- Feature Generation and Classification of Time Series.- Data Analysis Methods.- TRIPAT: a Model for Analyzing Three-Mode Binary Data.- Block-relaxation Algorithms in Statistics.- Multidimensional Scaling with lp-Distances, a Unifying Approach.- Universal Optimality of Rank Constrained Matrix Approximation.- The Analysis of Spatial Data from Marine Ecosystems.- Automatic Decomposition of Lattice Data including Missing Values and Boundaries.- III: Genome and Molecular Sequence Analysis.- Classification and Data Analysis in Genome Projects: Some Aspects of Mapping, Alignment and Tree Reconstruction.- Multiple Alignment of Protein Sequences and Construction of Evolutionary Trees based on Amino Acid Properties — an Algebraic Approach.- How to Deal With Third Codon Positions in Phylogenetic Analysis.- Machine Learning for Protein Structure Prediction.- A Parallel-Processor Implementation of an Algorithm to Delineate Distantly Related Protein Sequences using Conserved Motifs and Neural Networks.- IV: Applied Data Analysis in Special Fields.- Economy and Marketing.- Knowledge-Based Selection and Application of Quantitative Models of Consumer Behavior.- Goodwill towards Domestic Products as Segmentation Criterion: An Empirical Study within the Scope of Research on Country-of-Origin Effects.- Archeology.- Merovingian Glass Beads: An Essay of Classification.- Screening in Medicine.- Statistical Measures to Quantify the Benefit from Screening: a Case Study on Cholesterol Screening.- Evaluation of Screening in Case-Control Studies: an Alternative to Randomized Controlled Trials?.- List of Authors.