Information Routing, Correspondence Finding, and Object Recognition in the Brain

ISBN-13: 9783642423109 / Angielski / Miękka / 2014 / 133 str.

Philipp Wolfrum

Opis

At?rstsight, thisbookisaboutfacerecognitioninthebrain.Itsmorelasting value, however, lies in the paradigmatic way in which this particular problem is treated. From the basic ideas that are worked out here in concrete detail, it is a naturaland simple next step to at leastimagine, if not realizein model form, much more generalstructures and processes, thus helping to bridge the still tremendous chasm between mind and brain. It is the purpose of this foreword to point out these generic traits. For centuries, thinking about the brain has been dominated by the most complexmechanisticdevicesofthetime, clockwork, communicatinghydraulic tubesor, today, thecomputer.Thecomputer, takenasincarnationoftheU- versal Turing Machine, can implement any conceivable process, so that also a functional brain can surely be simulated on it, an idea that, beginning in the ?fties of the last century, has been seducing scientists to create "art- cial intelligence" in the computer. As a result we now have an information technology that displays many functional capabilities formerly regarded as the exclusive domain of the mind. As fascinating as this is, doting on "int- ligent machines" is systematically diverting our attention awayfrom the true problems of understanding the working of the brain.

Spis treści

Background and Concepts.- A Correspondence-Based Neural Model for Face Recognition.- Switchyards-Routing Structures in the Brain.- Ontogenesis of Switchyards.- Putting the Pieces Together: Recognition with Switchyards.- Discussion and Outlook.

Blurb

This book covers recent research on cortical signal processing and plasticity, with an emphasis on object recognition. Differently from other texts which study the behavior of single neurons, however, the focus here is on assemblies of neurons and how they can collectively represent information patterns and their dynamic relationships. This viewpoint leads to novel concepts for how the brain routes information in a purposeful way, how it detects correspondences between patterns, and how sensory inputs are recognized. To illustrate the function of these concepts, the author proceeds to develop several concrete neural models, including a powerful system for face recognition. Other parts of the book treat the question which neural substrates are necessary for such capabilities, and how they can self-organize in the developing organism. While most of the explicit examples in the book are drawn from vision, the concepts described apply to all areas of neural function from sensory perception to motor control to abstract reasoning. Consequently, readership is aimed at all students and researchers in neuroscience interested in exploring new paradigms of brain function. Experimentalists may draw inspiration from the book for designing anatomical and physiological experiments that lead the way from the current focus on static receptive fields to investigating the dynamic, functional connectivity of cortex. Theoreticians are invited to incorporate the discussed concepts into their own modeling, and to improve on the models presented in the book. While familiarity with the basic notions of theoretical neuroscience is useful for enjoying this book, it also offers to those without a vision background an introduction to the function of the mammalian visual pathway, as well as a broad discussion of different computer vision approaches to object recognition.