Index Theory for Symplectic Paths with Applications

ISBN-13: 9783764366476 / Angielski / Twarda / 2002 / 380 str.

Yiming Long

Opis

This book is based upon my monograph Index Theory for Hamiltonian Systems with Applications published in 1993 in Chinese, and my notes for lectures and courses given at Nankai University, Brigham Young University, ICTP-Trieste, and the Institute of Mathematics of Academia Sinica during the last ten years. The aim of this book is twofold: (1) to give an introduction to the index theory for symplectic matrix paths and its iteration theory, which form a basis for the Morse theoretical study on Hamilto nian systems, and to give applications of this theory to periodic boundary value problems of nonlinear Hamiltonian systems. Here the iteration theory means the index theory of iterations of periodic solutions and symplectic matrix paths. (2) to serve as a reference book on these topics. There are many different ways to introduce the index theory for symplectic paths in order to establish Morse type index theory of Hamiltonian systems. In this book, I have chosen a relatively elementary way, i.e., the homotopy classification method of symplectic matrix paths. It depends only on linear algebra, point set topology, and certain basic parts of linear functional analysis. I have tried to make this part of the book self-contained and at the same time include all of the major results on these topics so that researchers and students interested in them can read it without substantial difficulties, and can learn the main results in this area for their possible applications."

Spis treści

I The Symplectic Group Sp(2n).- 1 Algebraic Aspects.- 1.1 Symplectic matrices.- 1.2 Symplectic spaces.- 1.3 Eigenvalues of symplectic matrices.- 1.4 Normal forms for the eigenvalue 1.- 1.5 Normal forms for the eigenvalue ?1.- 1.6 Normal forms for eigenvalues in U?R.- 1.7 Normal forms for eigenvalues outside U.- 1.8 Basic normal forms.- 1.9 Perturbations basic normal forms.- 2 Topological Aspects.- 2.1 Structures of Sp(2) and its subsets.- 2.2 The global structure of Sp(2n,R).- 2.3 Hyperbolic symplectic matrix set.- 2.4 Structure of regular sets.- 2.5 Structures of singular sets.- 2.6 Transversality of rotation paths.- 2.7 Orientability of M?,(2n) in Sp(2n).- II The Variational Method.- 3 Hamiltonian Systems and Canonical Transformations.- 3.1 Canonical transformations.- 3.2 Generating functions.- 4 The Variational Functional.- 4.1 The Galerkin approximation.- 4.2 The L2-Variational Structure.- 4.3 The saddle point reduction.- 4.4 The dimension theorem on kernels.- 4.5 Certain estimates.- III Index Theory.- 5 Index Functions for Symplectic Paths.- 5.1 Paths in Sp(2).- 5.2 Non-degenerate paths in Sp(2n).- 5.3 Index properties of non-degenerate paths.- 5.4 Perturbations of degenerate paths.- 6 Properties of Index Functions.- 6.1 Index functions and Morse indices.- 6.2 An axiom approach and further properties.- 7 Relations with other Morse Indices.- 7.1 The Galerkin approximation.- 7.2 Second order Hamiltonian systems.- 7.3 Lagrangian systems.- IV Iteration Theory.- 8 Precise Iteration Formulae.- 8.1 Paths in Sp(2).- 8.2 Hyperbolic and elliptic paths.- 8.3 General symplectic paths.- 9 Bott-type Iteration Formulae.- 9.1 Splitting numbers.- 9.2 Bott-type formulae.- 9.3 Abstract precise iteration formulae.- 10 Iteration Inequalities.- 10.1 Estimates via mean index and initial index.- 10.2 Successive estimates.- 10.3 Controlling iteration numbers via indices.- 11 The Common Index Jump Theorem.- 11.1 A common selection theorem.- 11.2 The common index jump theorem.- 12 Index Iteration Theory for Closed Geodesics.- 12.1 Morse index theory.- 12.2 Splitting numbers.- V Applications.- 13 The Rabinowitz Conjecture.- 13.1 Minimax principle preparations.- 13.2 Controlling the minimal period via indices.- 13.3 Asymptotically linear Hamiltonian systems.- 13.4 Superquadratic Hamiltonian systems.- 13.5 Second order systems.- 13.6 Subharmonics.- 13.7 Notes and comments.- 14 Periodic Lagrangian Orbits on Tori.- 14.1 Critical module preparations.- 14.2 The finite energy homology theory.- 14.3 Critical modules and isomorphisms.- 14.4 Global homological injectivity.- 14.5 Global homological vanishing.- 14.6 Notes and comments.- 15 Closed Characteristics on Convex Hypersurfaces.- 15.1 Index theorem for dual action principle.- 15.2 Variational properties.- 15.3 Critical orbits and index jumps.- 15.4 Existence and multiplicity.- 15.5 Stability results.- 15.6 Symmetric hypersurfaces.- 15.7 Notes and comments.