In Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts: Third International Workshop

ISBN-13: 9783642706325 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 550 str.

Ernst G. Beck; Jean Bignon

Opis

The Third International orkshop on "The in Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts" was held on October 1 - 4, 1984 in Schluchsee, Black Forest, Federal Republic of Germany. In six sessions, 93 participants from 14 countries (USA 32, France 17, United Kingdom 12, FRG 11, Canada 9, Belgium 3, Hungary 1, Italy 2, India 1, Nether lands 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Portugal 1, Turkey 1) treated and discussed the following subjects: - Significance of the physico-chemical properties of inhalable mineral dusts (mine dusts, asbestos, Man-Made Mineral Fibres - MMMF). - Cellular effects of inhalable mineral dusts with special regard to target ce 11 s. - Immune response and immune toxicity. - Carcinogenicity and interrelated genotoxic and non-genotoxic effects. - Effect of cell metabolism in combination with inflammation and fibrogenesis. - Significance and credibility of in vitro test systems. For the pathogenesis of biological effects and diseases caused by inhalable mineral dusts a number of factors may be significant such as: - Type of dust - Dose of dust - Size and shape of dust particles, and especially - Surface properties of dust particles, which inter alia determine the - sorption properties, e.g. for environmental substances."

Spis treści

Introduction: Toxicity Testing of Mineral Dusts.Past. Present. Future.- I. Minerals and Target Cells.- A. Role of Physicochemical Properties of Minerals.- 1. Physicochemical Properties of Minerals Relevant to Biological Activities: State of the Art.- 2. Surface Active Sites and Catalytic Properties of Asbestos Mineral. Possible Consequence for Their Activity in Biological Medium.- 3. Investigations into the Mechanisms of Asbestos Toxicity.- 4. Particle Size and Chemically-Induced Variability in the Membrolytic Activity of Quartz: Preliminary Observations.- B. Cellular Effects of Mineral Dusts.- 1. The Target Cells for Inhaled Mineral Dusts.- 2. A Potential Role for Oxygen Radicals in Mineral Dust-Induced Lung Injury: Lessons from Lung Injury from Hyperoxia.- 3. Mechanisms of Toxic Injury by Asbestos Fibers: Role of Oxygen-Free Radicals.- 4. Release of Superoxide Anion and Hydrogen Peroxide by Macrophages in Response to Asbestos.- 5. Stimulation of Neutrophil Chemiluminescence by Alveolar Macrophages from Patients Exposed to Asbestos.- 6. Broncho Alveolar Lavage in Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis: Oxidant and Antioxidant Activities of Alveolar Macrophages.- Summary and Synthesis of Part I A.- Summary and Synthesis of Part I B.- II. Immune Responses and Immunotoxicity.- 1. Immune Responses Induced by Mineral Dusts.- 2. Effect of Asbestos Preparations on the Random Migration Pattern of Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages.- 3. Inhaled Asbestos Fibers Produce Complement-Derived Chemotactic Factor(s) on Alveolar Surfaces.- 4. Immunoregulation During Experimental Asbestosis.- 5. Enhanced Interleukin Production and Alveolar Macrophage Ia Expression after Asbestos Inhalation.- 6. Cytotoxicity of Native- and Surface-Modified Asbestos.- Summary and Synthesis of Part II.- III. Carcinogenicity and Related Genotoxic Events.- 1. Cell Transformation: State of the Art.- 2. Toxicity of Asbestos and Glass Fibers for Rat Tracheal Epithelial Cells in Culture.- 3. Transformation of Mammalian Cells in Culture by Asbestos and Other Mineral Dusts: A Mechanism Involving Chromosomal Mutation.- 4. Asbestos-Associated Chromosomal Changes in Human Mesothelial Cells.- 5. Induction of Transformation in Cultured Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells by Chrysotile Fibres.- 6. Preliminary Results on Oncogenes in Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells Transformed in Vitro by Benzo(a)Pyrene and/or Chrysotile.- 7. Comparative Responses of Cultured Cells to Asbestos Fibres in Relation to Carcinogenicity.- 8. Effect of Asbestos on the Microsomal Metabolism and Bio-Activation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 9. Effect of Fibrous Mineral Dusts on the Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Activity of Rat Alveolar Macrophages in Vitro.- 10. Cytokinetic Effect and Cytotoxic Action of Chromium Compound on Human Fibroblast in Culture.- 11. Mutagenic Activity of Benzo(a)Pyrene-Coated Particles.- 12. In Vitro Simulation of Concurrent Exposures to Asbestos Fibers and Nitrosamines.- 13. Genotoxic Effects of Natural and Man-Made Mineral Fibers.- 14. Lipid Peroxidation and the Generation of Malondialdehyde in Crocidolite-Treated Cell Cultures.- Summary and Synthesis of Part III.- IV. Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cell Metabolism in Relation to Inflammation and Fibrogenesis.- A. Synthesis and Release of Mediators.- 1. Cell-Derived Mediators in Relation to Asbestos-Related Tissue Injury and Fibrogenesis.- 2. Production of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites by Alveolar Macrophages Treated with Asbestos.- 3. Exposure or Small Airways to Cristobalite in Vitro.- 4. Asbestos and Fibrous Glass Induce Biosynthesis of Polyamines in Tracheo-Bronchial Epithelial Cells in Vitro.- 5. The Release of Inflammatory Mediators from Cells Treated with Leached Asbestos.- B. Other Effects and Fibrogenesis.- 1. Bioassays for Mineral Dusts and Other Particulates.- 2. Autacoids and Peptides in Normal and Asbestos-Exposed Rat Lungs: Tissue and Isolated Cell Contents.- 3. Early Cellular Changes in Crocidolite-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.- 4. Secretion of Fibronectin by Dust-Induced Alveolar Macrophages.- 5. Bronchoalveolar and Lung Tissue Analyses in Asbestos-Exposed Humans and Sheep.- 6. Progress in Studies on Experimental Silicosis and in the Characterization of the Fibrogenic Factor.- 7. Asbestos Fibers Enhance the Production of a Mesothelial Cell-Derived Soluble Factor which Stimulates Fibroblast DNA Synthesis.- Summary and Synthesis of Part IV A.- Summary and Synthesis of Part IV B.- V. Evalution of in Vitro Test Systems.- 1. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Systems for Mineral Dusts. State of the Art.- 2. The Effects of Fiber Length on the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Asbestos Samples in Three Different Assay Systems.- 3. Comparisons of the Biological Effects of Mineral Fibre Samples Using In Vitro and In Vivo Assay Systems.- 4. Effects of Amosite Fibers of Different Sizes on Lavagable Cells and Epithelial permeability of the Lung.- 5. Relationships Between in Vitro Toxicity, Tissue Effects and Mineralogical Composition of Coal Mine Dusts.- 6. Properties of Mixed Mine Dusts and Their Relationship to Pneumoconiosis.- 7. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Lead Chromate Particles in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Rat Alveolar Macrophages.- Consensus Panels: I) Role of various parameters of fibrous dusts (dose, dimension, type, surface properties) in relation to pathogenesis.- II) Can we anticipate short-term tests for predicting in vivo responses to mineral dusts (particularly genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and fibrogenicity)?.- VI. Poster Session.- 1. Evaluation of Dust Toxicity by Short-Term Methods.- 2. Alveolar Macrophage-Derived Growth Factor for Fibroblasts: A Potential Mediator of Asbestos-Induced Fibrosis.- 3. Adsorption of 3-Methylcholanthrene onto Chrysotile Fibres Enhances Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Inducement in Mice.- 4. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Testing of Fly Ash Samples with Bovine Lung Macrophages.- 5. Adsorption Properties for PAH of Asbestos and Iron Oxides, in Relation with their Activity in Biological Medium.- 6. Involvement of Superoxide Radical in the Toxicity of Mineral Fibers.- 7. Biological Effects of Fume Silica (Amorphous Type).- 8. Importance of Grain Size and Mineral Content of Coal Mine Dusts for Cytotoxicity on Macrophages in Vitro.- 9. Attapulgite: Preparation of a Large Quantity of Inhalable Dust Needed for the Realization of in Vivo and in Vitro Biological Studies.- 10. Chromosomal Changes in Cultured Rat Mesothelial Cells Treated with Benzo-3 - 4-Pyrene and/or Chrysotile Asbestos.- 11. Erionite-Related Diseases in Turkey.- 12. A Comparison of in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity of Mineral Dusts.- 13. Determination of the Phagocytic Capacity of Rat Alveolar Macrophages Following Exposure to Inhalable Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Dust Fractions.- 14. Increased Cellular Density in the Presence of Asbestos Fibers.- 15. Failure of Attapulgite to Produce Tumors: Prediction of this Result by in Vitro Cytotoxicity Test.- 16. Interaction of DNA with Silicic Acid.