In Silico Dreams: How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology Will Create the Medicines of the Future

ISBN-13: 9781119745570 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 352 str.

Brian Hilbush

Spis treści

Introduction xviiChapter 1 The Information Revolution's Impact on Biology 1A Biological Data Avalanche at Warp Speed 5Tracking SARS-CoV-2 with Genomic Epidemiology 11Biology's Paradigm Shift Enables In Silico Biology 17Transitions and Computation in Cancer Research 18Structural Biology and Genomics 24Sequencing the Human Genome 27Computational Biology in the Twenty-First Century 33Applications of Human Genome Sequencing 35Analyzing Human Genome Sequence Information 37Omics Technologies and Systems Biology 40Chapter 2 A New Era of Artificial Intelligence 53AI Steps Out of the Bronx 55From Neurons and Cats Brains to Neural Networks 58Machine Learning and the Deep Learning Breakthrough 66Deep Learning Arrives for AI 73Deep Neural Network Architectures 75Deep Learning's Beachhead on Medicine: Medical Imaging 78Limitations on Artificial Intelligence 83Chapter 3 The Long Road to New Medicines 91Medicine's Origins: The Role of Opium Since the Stone Age 96Industrial Manufacturing of Medicines 102Paul Ehrlich and the Birth of Chemotherapeutic Drug Discovery 108The Pharmaceutical Industry: Drugs and War--New Medicines in the Twentieth Century 112From Synthetic Antibiotics to the Search for New Drugs from the Microbial World 116Developing Therapeutics for Cancer 119Antifolates and the Emergence of DNA Synthesis Inhibitors 120Antibiotics as Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs 123Immunotherapy 125The Pharmaceutical Business Model in the Twenty-First Century 126R&D Productivity Challenges Within the Pharmaceutical Industry 131Sources of Pharmaceutical Innovation: Biotechnology and New Therapeutic Modalities 135Chapter 4 Gene Editing and the New Tools of Biotechnology 145Molecular Biology and Biological Information Flow 150Manipulating Gene Information with Recombinant DNA Technology 154Genetics, Gene Discovery, and Drugs for Rare Human Diseases 160Second-Generation Biotechnology Tools: CRISPR- Cas9 and Genome Editing Technologies 167Human Genome Editing and Clinical Trials 171Biotechnology to the Rescue: Vaccine Development Platforms Based on Messenger RNA 179Chapter 5 Healthcare and the Entrance of the Technology Titans 189Digital Health and the New Healthcare Investment Arena 191Assessing the Tech Titans as Disruptors in Healthcare 195Alphabet: Extending Its Tentacles Into Healthcare with Google and Other Bets 196Apple Inc: Consumer Technology Meets Healthcare 200Amazon: Taking Logistics to the Next Level for Delivering Healthcare 204Echoes of the Final Frontier 207Chapter 6 AI-Based Algorithms in Biology and Medicine 211Recognizing the Faces of Cancer 217Tumor Classification Using Deep Learning with Genomic Features 222AI for Diseases of the Nervous System: Seeing and Changing the Brain 229Regulatory Approval and Clinical Implementation: Twin Challenges for AI-Based Algorithms in Medicine 234Chapter 7 AI in Drug Discovery and Development 245A Brief Survey of In Silico Methods in Drug Discovery 247Virtual Screening with Cheminformatics and HTS Technologies 250AI Brings a New Toolset for Computational Drug Design 252AI-Based Virtual Screening Tools 257Generative Models for De Novo Drug Design 257A New Base of Innovation for the Pharmaceutical Industry 259Atomwise 261Recursion Pharmaceuticals 262Deep Genomics 262Relay Therapeutics 263Summary 265Chapter 8 Biotechnology, AI, and Medicine's Future 269Building Tools to Decipher Molecular Structures and Biological Systems 272AlphaFold: Going Deep in Protein Structure Prediction 274Predicting Genome 3D Organization and Regulatory Elements 276AI Approaches to Link Genetics-Based Targets to Disease 277Quantum Computing for In Silico Chemistry and Biology 278Neuroscience and AI: Modeling Brain and Behavior 280Brain Information Processing and Modularity: Climbing a Granite Wall 283Engineering Medicines with Biotechnology and AI 289Glossary 295Index 303

O autorze

BRIAN HILBUSH, PhD, is Director, IT Advanced Analytics and Data Solutions at Veranome Biosystems. He received his doctorate in Neuroscience from Stony Brook University and has over three decades of experience in computational biology, genomics, drug discovery, data science, and artificial intelligence.