Acknowledgements; List of Maps; Abbreviations of Archival Sources; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Habeas Corpus and the Rule of Law; 1.2. Martial Law 1.3. Legislating for Emergencies; 1.4. Ad hominem Legislation; 1.5. Emergency Law in East Africa; 1.6. From 'Rule of Law' to 'Lawfare'; 2. Martial Law and the Rule of Law in the Eastern Cape, 1830–1880; 2.1. Four Wars and Two Rebellions; 2.2. The Reach of Martial Law; 2.3. Detention without Trial; 2.4. Conclusion; 3. Zulu Political Prisoners, 1872–1897; 3.1. The Trial and Detention of Langalibalele; 3.2. Cetshwayo's Capture and Detention; 3.3. Dinuzulu's Trial and Exile; 3.4. Conclusion; 4. Egypt and Sudan, 1882–1887; 4.1. The Exile of Ahmed Urabi Pasha; 4.2. The Detention of Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur; 5. Detention without Trial in Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast, 1865–1890; 5.1. The British Presence in West Africa; 5.2. Detention without Legal Authority; 5.3. Regularising Detentions; 5.4. 'Peacekeping' Detentions in Sierra Leone; 5.5. Political Detentions in the Gold Coast; 5.6. Conclusion; 6. Removing Rulers in the Niger Delta, 1887–1897; 6.1. The British Presence in the Oil Rivers; 6.2. Jaja of Opobo; 6.3. Nana Olomu; 6.4. Ovonramwen; 6.5. Conclusion; 7. Consolidating Colonial Rule: Detentions in the Gold Coast and Sierra Leone, 1896–1901; 7.1. The Deposition of Prempeh of Asante; 7.2. Sierra Leone's Hut Tax War and the Detention of Bai Bureh; 7.3. Conclusion; 8. Detention Comes to Court: African Appeals to the Courts in Whitehall and Westminster, 1895–1922; 8.1. Sigcau, Sir Henry de Villiers and the Privy Council; 8.2. Sekgoma Letsholathibe; 8.3. Saad Zaghlul Pasha; 8.4. Conclusion; 9. Martial Law in the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902; 9.1. The First Invasion, October 1899-October 1900; 9.2. The Second Invasion, October 1900-March 1902; 9.3. Ending Martial Law; 9.4. Conclusion; 10. Martial Law, the Privy Council and the Zulu Rebellion of 1906; 10.1. Martial Law before the Rebellion, February-March 1906; 10.2. Martial Law after Bambatha's Uprising, April-September 1906; 10.3. Natal's Indemnity Act, the Privy Council and the Rule of Law; 10.4. Tilonko's Deportation; 10.5. Conclusion; 11. Conclusion; Index.