Immunosenescence

ISBN-13: 9781441926395 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 194 str.

Graham Pawelec

Opis

Human immunosenescence contributes to morbidity and mortality in later life. The age-associated increasing incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease plateaus at around 80 years of age in industrialised countries, but death due to infectious disease continues to increase up to 100 years of age and beyond. Understanding the reasons for age-associated alterations to protective immunity in the elderly would facilitate the development of interventions to reconstitute appropriate immune function, increase responsiveness to vaccination and extend healthspan. The majority of the papers collected in this volume therefore address not only the mechanisms responsible for immune ageing in humans but consider what might be accomplished to redress the erosion of immune competence with age. The first problem facing the gerontologist investigating human ageing is their longevity: most studies are conducted in a cross-sectional manner, in which parameters of interest in elderly cohorts are compared to young controls. However, the ageing trajectories of people now 80 years old, born at the beginning of the 20th century, will have been very different in mostly unidentifiable ways from those born towards the end of that century. These differences include population genetics, nutrition, stress, disease, and of course, medical treatment, all of which make these two populations hardly comparable.

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"The book covers the basic biology of cell-mediated immunity decline, the consequences of the declined immune system, and interventional therapeutic approaches aiming to correct or reverse the aged immune system. ... The book ends with insightful review on therapeutic strategies aiming to correct or reverse immunosenescence. Overall, the book is very well written and should be recommended reading for cell biologists, immunologists, and physician scientists interested in the current scope of understanding immunosenscence and opportunities to explore therapeutic strategies for its correction." (Yang Zhou, Clinical Infectious Diseases, December, 2012)

Spis treści

1. Immune Risk Phenotypes and Associated Parameters in Very Old Humans: A Review of Findings in the Swedish NONA Immune Longitudinal Study........................................................................................1 Anders Wikby, Frederick Ferguson, Jan Strindhall, Rosalyn J. Forsey, Tamas Fulop, Sine Reker Hadrup, Per thor Straten, Graham Pawelec and Boo Johansson Introduction................................................................................................................1 NONA Immune Subjects........................................................................................3 Health Parameters.....................................................................................................4 Immune System Parameters.....................................................................................4 Immune Parameters and Morbidity......................................................................4 Immune Risk Phenotype, Cognitive Impairment and Mortality..................5 Allostatic Load............................................................................................................6 IRP, T-Cell Differentiation and Persistent Viral Infection..............................7 TCR Clonotype Mapping......................................................................................10 Low Grade Inflammation......................................................................................11 IRP Movement..........................................................................................................11 Conclusions and Future Direction.......................................................................12 2. Scoring of Immunological Vigor: Trial Assessment of Immunological Status as a Whole for Elderly People and Cancer Patients....................................15 Katsuiku Hirokawa, Masanori Utsuyama, Yuko Kikuchi and Masanobu Kitagawa Infection Is a Major Cause of Death in the Elderly..........................................15 A Significant Number of Cancer Patients Die of Infection...........................16 Assessment of the Immunological State.............................................................18 Restoration of Immune Function........................................................................ 20 Effect of Infusing Activated T-Cells in the Mouse Model.............................21 3. Remodelling of the CD8 T-Cell Compartment in the Elderly: Expression of NK Associated Receptors on T-Cells Is Associated with the Expansion of the Effector Memory Subset....................................................................24 Inmaculada Gayoso, M Luisa Pita, Esther Peralbo, Corona Alonso, Olga DelaRosa, Javier G. Casado, Julian de la Torre-Cisneros, Raquel Tarazona and Rafael Solana Introduction............................................................................................................. 24 Expression of NKR on T-Cells in Ageing: The Expansion of CD8 T-Cells Expressing NK Associated Receptors in the Elderly Is due to the Expansion of Effector Memory 2 T-Lymphocytes.......................................25 CMV-Specific CD8 T-Cells Are Expanded in the Elderly Expression of NK Associated Receptors................................................................................. 28 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects..................................................... 30 4. Telomeres, Telomerase and CD28 in Human CD8 T-cells: Effects on Immunity during aging and HIV infection..........................................34 Steven R. Fauce and Rita B. Effr