Immune Reactions: Headlines, Overviews, Tables and Graphics

ISBN-13: 9783642795602 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 582 str.

H. -Harald Sedlacek; Tarik M. R. y.

Opis

Provides concentrated information on structures and interactions of the immune system predominantly in the form of tables, figures, and schematic diagrams. Not only the userfriendly way in which the information is compiled, but also the comprehensive nature of the information on the complicated structure and networks in immunology, guarantee rapid access to relevant data in immunology.

Recenzje

"The immensity of the field of immunology cries out for such a book. Immune Reactions has addressed the need." Molecular Medicine Today "... should be used for rapid accesss. Overall this is an interesting, unconventional book ... for everyone interested in immunology." Immunology Today

Spis treści

1 Cytokines, Growth Factors, Chemokines and their receptors.- 1.1 Overview.- 1.1.1 Cytokines in Hematopoiesis.- 1.1.2 Classification of Growth Factors.- 1.1.3 Receptors for Cytokines.- 1.1.4 Receptors for Growth Factors.- 1.1.5 Characteristics of Chemokines.- 1.1.6 Neutrophil-Activating Peptides.- 1.2 Characteristics of Mediators, Receptors.- 1.2.1 SCF, IL-1, IL-1 RA.- 1.2.2. IL-2.- 1.2.3 IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6.- 1.2.4 LIF, IL-7, IL-8.- 1.2.5 IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13.- 1.2.6 GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, Erythropoietin, Thrombopoietin, IFN Gamma.- 1.2.7 IGF, TNF, TGF, PDGF, EGF, FGF.- 1.2.8 Oncostatin, CNTF.- 1.2.9 Approaches to Inhibit the Biological Effect of Growth Factors.- 2 Cell-Adhesion Molecules.- 2.1 Overview.- 2.1.1 Classification.- 2.1.2 Function.- 2.2 Characteristics.- 2.2.1 Immunoglobulin Gene Superfamily Type.- 2.2.2 Integrin Type.- 2.2.3 Cell Distribution.- 2.2.4 Binding Partners.- 2.2.5 Modulation of Expression and Function.- 2.2.6 Structure and Function of CD44.- 2.2.7 Structure and Function of Cadherins.- 3 Antigen Presentation.- 3.1 Overview.- 3.2 Details.- 3.2.1 Dendritic Cells.- 3.2.2 Antigen-Binding Molecules.- 3.2.3 MHC Genes.- 3.2.4 Regulation of MHC Gene Expression.- 3.2.5 Loading of Antigen-Presenting Molecules.- 3.2.6 Antigen Presentation by B-Cells.- 3.2.7 Expression of MHC Molecules.- 3.2.8 Modulation of Expression of MHC Molecules.- 4 Differentiation of T-Cells.- 4.1 Overview.- 4.2 Details.- 4.2.1 T-Cell Development.- 4.2.2 The T-Cell Receptor.- 4.2.3 The CD4 Molecule.- 4.2.4 The CD8 Molecule.- 4.2.5 Activation of T-Cells by Antigen-Presenting Cells.- 4.2.6 Signal Transduction After Activation of the TCR Complex.- 4.2.7 Activation of T Cells.- 4.2.8 Activation of Memory T-Cells.- 4.2.9 Pharmacological Intervention of T-Cell Activation.- 5 Superantigens.- 5.1 Overview.- 5.1.1 Comparison Between Conventional Antigens and Superantigens.- 5.1.2 Function.- 5.2 Details.- 5.2.1 Foreign Superantigens.- 5.2.2 Self-Superantigens of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV).- 6 Differentiation of B-Cells.- 6.1 Overview.- 6.2 Details.- 6.2.1 B-Cell Development.- 6.2.2 The B-Cell Receptor.- 6.2.3 Transcriptional Control of Ig Heavy- and Ig Light-Chain Genes.- 7 Antibody Formation.- 7.1 Overview.- 7.2 Details.- 7.2.1 VDJ Recombination.- 7.2.2 Cooperation of B-Cells with T Cells.- 7.2.3 B-Cell Differentiation in Lymph Nodes.- 7.2.4 Main Cytokines Involved in Differentiation to Plasma Cells.- 8 Fc Receptors and Antibody Interaction.- 8.1 Overview.- 8.2 Details.- 8.2.1 Properties of Murine Fc Receptors.- 8.2.2 Human Fc Receptors.- 8.2.3. Modulation by Cytokines.- 8.2.4 Release of Immunoglobulin Binding Proteins (IBFs) and Its Modulation.- 8.2.5 Blockage of Antibody Production.- 9 Generation of the IgA Response.- 9.1 Overview.- 9.2 Details.- 9.2.1 Properties of Secretory and Serum IgA.- 9.2.2 Circulation and Metabolization of IgA.- 9.2.3 Enteral IgA Response.- 9.2.4 Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in Tears.- 10 Complement Activation and Inhibition.- 10.1 Overview.- 10.1.1 Classification.- 10.1.2 Activation.- 10.1.3 Blockage of Comlement Mediated Lysis by Nucleated Cells.- 10.2 Details.- 10.2.1 Function of Complement Inhibitors.- 10.2.2 Activity of Complement Split Products on Cells.- 10.2.3 Complement Receptors.- 10.2.4 Interactions Between Complement Components and Platelets.- 10.2.5 Resistance of Nucleated Cells (NC) to Lysis by Membrane Attacking Complex (MAC) of Complement.- 10.2.6 Activation of Nucleated Cells by Membrane Attacking Complex.- 10.2.7 Diseases Associated with Inherited or Acquired Deficiency of Complement Components.- 10.2.8 Approaches for Immunotherapy with Regulators of Complement Activation.- 11 Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity.- 11.1 Overview.- 11.2 Details.- 11.2.1 Cytotoxicity by T-Lymphocytes.- 11.2.2 Cellular Cytotoxicity via Mechanisms Not Involving Recognition of Antigens Presented by MHC-1.- 12 Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Reaction.- 12.1 Overview.- 12.1.1 Cascades of the Inflammatory Response.- 12.1.2 Central Role of the Hageman Factor.- 12.1.3 Complexity of Interactions (Cells, Cytokines, Mediators).- 12.2 Details.- 12.2.1 Activation and Action of Kinins.- 12.2.2 Biological Action of Mediators of the Arachidonic Acid Pathway.- 12.2.3 Diseases Associated with Prominent Neutrophil Infiltrates.- 12.2.4 Metabolic Changes Induced by Cytokines.- 12.2.5 Putative Mechanism of the Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reaction.- 12.2.6 Approaches for the Therapy of Inflammatory Reactions.- 13 Interactions with Endothelial Cells.- 13.1 Overview.- 13.1,1 Granulocytes and Endothelial Cells.- 13.1.2 Lymphocytes and Endothelial Cells.- 13.2 Details.- 13.2.1 Activation of Endothelial Cells.- 13.2.2 Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factors (EDRF).- 13.2.3 Endothelium-Derived Contracting Factors (EDCF).- 13.2.4 Immunological Aspects of Artheriosclerosis.- 14 Involvement of the Clotting System and Platelets.- 14.1 Overview.- 14.2 Details.- 14.2.1 Inhibition of Coagulation in Normal Epithelium.- 14.2.2 Effect of Growth Factors and Cytokines on Plasminogen Activator Secretion.- 14.2.3 Activation and Aggregation of Platelets.- 14.2.4 Role of Transforming Growth Factor-?.- 14.2.5 Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Platelets.- 14.2.6 Inhibitors of Platelet Aggregation.- 14.2.7 Modulation of Platelet Aggregation In Vivo.- 14.2.8 Cytokines that Stimulate Megakaryocytopoiesis.- 15 Enzymatic Degradation of Extracellular Matrix.- 15.1 Overview.- 15.1.1 Destruction of Extracellular Matrix.- 15.1.2 Interaction of Proteases.- 15.2 Details.- 15.2.1 Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP).- 15.2.2 Cellular Proteases.- 15.2.3 Modulation of Secretion of Cellular Proteases.- 16 Angiogenesis.- 16.1 Overview.- 16.2 Details.- 16.2.1 Angiogenic or Mitogenic Peptides.- 16.2.2 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.- 16.2.3 Balance Between uPA/PAT 1 and FGF/TGF-?.- 16.2.4 Inhibitors of Angiogenesis.- 17 Systemic Inflammatory Reaction Syndrome.- 17.1 Overview.- 17.2 Details.- 17.2.1 Pathophysiological Pathways.- 17.2.2 Role of LBS Binding Protein.- 17.2.3 Role of Complement and Neutrophils.- 17.2.4 Approaches to Influencing SIRS.- 18 Immune Complex Mediated Diseases.- 18.1 Overview.- 18.2 Details.- 18.2.1 Conformational Change of Antibody.- 18.2.2 Effector Function of Immunoglobulins.- 18.2.3 Size of Immune Complexes.- 18.2.4 Inhibition/Solubilization of IC by Complement.- 18.2.5 Elimination of IC.- 18.2.6 IC Diseases Associated with Changes in the Expression of CR-1, CR-2, CR-3, C-IA (INH).- 18.2.7 Approaches for Therapy of IC Diseases.- 19 Allergic Diseases.- 19.1 Overview.- 19.2 Details.- 19.2.1 Modulation of IgE Secretion by Cytokines.- 19.2.2 Allergic Inflammation.- 19.2.3 Role of Langerhans Cells.- 19.2.4 Role of Fc? RII (CD23).- 19.2.5 Histamine-Releasing Factors (HRF).- 19.2.6 Treatment of Allergic Diseases.- 20 Autoimmune Diseases.- 20.1 Overview.- 20.1.1 Reasons for Autoimmune Reactions.- 20.1.2 Autoantibodies in Normal Persons.- 20.1.3 Role of B-Cells and T-Helper Cells in Autoimmune Diseases.- 20.2 Details.- 20.2.1 Specificity of Human Autoantibodies.- 20.2.2 Relationship to Exposure to Xenobiotics.- 20.2.3 Approaches to Treat Autoimmune Diseases.- 21 Immune Suppression.- 21.1 Overview.- 21.1.1 Therapeutic Activity and Toxicity of Immune Suppressives.- 21.1.2 Mode of Action of Immune Suppressive Drugs.- 21.2 Details.- 21.2.1 Mode of Action of Specific Agents.- 21.2.2 Monoclonal Antibodies.- 22 Immune Reaction in Neoplasia.- 22.1 Overview.- 22.2 Details.- 22.2.1 Human Tumor Antigens Detected by Immune Response.- 22.2.2 Viruses Associated with Cancer.- 22.2.3 Vaccines for Prophylaxis of Virus-Induced Tumors.- 22.2.4 Tumors and Infiltrating Macrophages.- 22.2.5 Tumors and Infiltrating Lymphocytes.- 22.2.6 Tumor Therapy with Cytokines.- 22.2.7 Active Specific Therapy with “Tumor Vaccines”.- 22.2.8 Mechanisms by Which Tumor Cells Become “Immune Resistant”.- 22.2.9 Tumor Therapy with Antibody Preparations.- 22.2.10 Targeting of Drugs with Monoclonal Antibodies to Malignant Cells.- 22.2.11 Reasons for the Limited Success of Antibodies.- 22.2.12 Pharmacokinetic Parameters for Antibodies.- 22.2.13 Antibody-Dependent Enzyme-Mediated Prodrug Therapy.- 22.2.14 Antibody Engineering.- 23 CNS and Immune Reactions.- 23.1 Overview.- 23.2 Details.- 23.2.1 Modulation of the Immune System by Neuropeptides.- 23.2.2 IL-1 as a “Neuropeptide”.- 23.2.3 Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors expressed by Cells of the CNS and Endocrine Organs.- 23.2.4 Communication of the CNS with the Immune System.- 23.2.5 Modulation of the Endocrine System by Immune Mediators.- 23.2.6 Hormonal Influence on Antibodies in Mucosal tissues.- 23.2.7 Immune Response and Epilepsy.- 24 Genetic Background of Apoptosis and Malignant Lymphocyte Growth.- 24.1 Apoptosis and Malignant Lymphocyte Growth.- 24.2 Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis.- 25 Somatic Gene Therapy.- 25.1 Overview.- 25.1.1 Opportunities and Risks.- 25.1.2 Preconditions.- 25.1.3 Methods.- 25.2 Details.- 25.2.1 Viral Transfer of Genes.- 25.2.2 Liposomal Transfer of Genes.- 25.2.3 Receptor Mediated Transfer of Genes.- 25.2.4 Experimental Therapeutic Approaches.- 25.2.5 Immunization with Polynucleotides.- 26 CD Terminology.- References.