Illustrations: Everybody's Complete and Practical Guide

ISBN-13: 9780896030961 / Angielski / Miękka / 1985 / 337 str.

Graham T. Richardson

Opis

person to prepare illustration copy at a pre-professional level-copy that is, however, often usable for routine purposes-and/or to communicate better with graphics spe cialists who will prepare the final illustrations. The skills necessary to take the final step of producing finished camera-ready illustrations are, unfortunately, based very much on actual hands-on experience and are thus beyond the ability of this or any other book to instill satisfactory competence in. Illustrations should also prove to be a highly useful reference work for professional illustrators. The wide variety of train ing and work experiences by which they have acquired their skills may not have provided full acquaintance with all of the exceptionally diverse kinds of information to be found here. There are, moreover, few disciplines whose practition ers cannot profit from an invigorating refresher course. After nearly seven years of work, then, I am pleased to put forward a book with many answers pertaining to the proper selection and preparation of informational illustrations. All such questions and their actual solutions, however, must re main up to you, the inquiring and attentive reader."

Spis treści

How to Use This Book.- 1 Tables.- Basic Elements of a Table.- Heading.- Boxhead.- Panels.- Stub.- Field.- Footnotes.- Style of the Table.- Form of the Information.- General Comments About Tables.- Rapid Summation of Facts or Exact Data.- Clarity of Presentation.- Ease of Construction.- Length of Time for Data Presentation.- Apparent Complexity of Large Tables.- Possible Need for Interpolation.- Reference Use.- Tables Versus Graphs.- Artistic Effects.- 2 Graphs.- Parts of a Graph.- Title or Caption.- Background Information.- Axes.- Field of the Graph.- Data Points and Lines.- Brief Survey of Graph Types.- Line Graphs.- Line Graphs Based on the Appearance of the Lines.- Line Graphs Named from the Overall Appearance of the.- Graph.- Line Graphs Named for the Types of Scales.- Bar Graphs.- Parts of a Bar Graph.- Vertical and Horizontal Bar Graphs.- Absolute Bar Graphs.- Percent Bar Graphs.- Compound Bar Graphs.- Floating Bar Graphs.- Histograms.- Bar Diagram.- Block Diagrams.- Pictographs and Pictorial Diagrams.- Circular Graphs.- Pie Graphs.- Polar Graphs.- Rose Diagrams.- Combination Circular Graphs.- Scale Graphs.- Stationary Scale Graphs.- Sliding or Movable-Scale Graphs.- Nomographs.- Three-Dimensional Graphs and Diagrams.- Artistic Graphs.- General Comments About Graphs.- Compact Presentation, Ease of Understanding.- Ease of Construction.- Recognition of Anomalous Data.- Easy Reference for Data Values.- Design Factors for a Graph.- Framing.- Axis Scales.- Axis Division Marks.- Grid Lines.- Explanatory Titles.- Data Points.- Data Lines.- Emphasis with Colors or Area Patterns.- Emphasis with Changed Axis Scales.- 3 Maps.- Map Projections.- Properties of a Globe and Problems Encountered in Their Projection.- Classifying Projections.- Titles and Border Information.- Title.- Scale.- Representative Fraction.- North Arrow.- Projection Information.- Data Source.- Latitude, Longitude, and Survey Grids.- Legend.- Preparer.- Methods of Presenting Mapped Information.- Lines.- Tones and Patterns.- Symbols.- Map Types Based on How the Information is Presented.- Point Data Maps.- Choropleth Maps.- Dasymetric Maps.- Isoline Maps.- Flow Maps.- Map Types Based on What Information Is Presented.- Three-Dimensional Maps.- Models.- Drawings.- Map-Derived Profiles.- Remote Sensing as an Aid To Mapping.- Aerial Photography.- Electronic Systems.- Preparing a Map.- Recording the Information to be Mapped.- The Base Map.- 4 Three-Dimensional Presentations.- Mechanical Drawings.- Working Drawings.- Technical Illustrations.- Special Views.- Perspective Drawings.- Block Diagrams.- Panoramic Sections.- Isometric Views.- Oblique and Perspective Views.- Stacked Profiles.- Fence Diagrams.- Chemical Models.- Stereo Views.- Stereonet Presentations.- Uses in Mineralogy.- Uses in Structural Geology.- 5 Process, Organizational, and Flow Diagrams.- Process Diagrams.- Electronic Block Diagrams.- Interactive Process Diagrams.- Commodity Flow Diagrams.- Natural Cycle Diagrams.- Organizational Diagrams.- Structural Diagrams.- Genealogical Diagrams.- Electrical and Electronic Schematic Diagrams.- 6 Photographs.- Photographic Processes.- The Latent Image Negative Process.- The Direct Image Process.- The PMT Process.- The “Polaroid” Process.- The Ektaflex Process.- The Reversal Process.- The Laser Process.- Artistic Modifications of Photographs.- Photographs as Illustrations.- Photographic Prints.- Slides and Viewgraphs.- Photographs as Halftones.- Photographic Equipment.- Films.- Print Papers.- Cameras.- Lenses.- Lighting.- Filters.- Processing Equipment.- 7 Computer Graphics.- Elements of a Computer Graphics System.- Memory/Calculation Unit.- Input Procedures.- Programs.- Displays.- Hard-Copy Processors.- Computer Graphics Products.- Letters and Numbers.- Tables.- Graphs.- Maps.- Three-Dimensional Drawings.- Miscellaneous Drawings.- Scenes.- 8 Illustrator’s Equipment and Supplies.- Paper, Boards, and Drafting Film.- Paper.- Boards.- Drafting Films.- Surface Cleaners.- Pencils.- Pencil Types.- Lead Holders and Mechanical Pencils.- Miscellaneous Artistic Pencils.- Pens, Drawing Inks, and Felt-Tip.- Markers.- Pens.- Drawing Inks.- Felt-Tip Markers.- Erasers, Correction Tapes, and Correcting Fluids.- Erasers.- Correction Tapes.- Correcting Fluids.- Guiding Devices.- Straightedges and Scales.- Protractors.- Triangles.- Circle, Ellipse, and Curve.- Lettering.- Freehand Lettering.- Lettering Stencils.- Mechanical Lettering.- Preprinted Transfer Lettering.- Strike-On Lettering.- Computer Graphics Lettering.- Phototypeset Lettering.- Supplies For Artistic Effects.- Symbols.- Patterns.- Shadings.- Colors.- Preservative Coatings.- Spray Coatings.- Laminating Materials.- Cutting Instruments.- Shears.- Razor Knives.- Line Cutters.- Mat Knives.- Lever and Rotary Cutters.- Adhesive Materials.- Wax Coatings.- Cements.- Dry-Mounting Materials.- Tapes.- Working Surfaces.- Drafting Boards.- Drafting Tables.- Light Tables and Boxes.- 9 Enlarging and Reducing Illustrations.- Enlarging or Reducing Techniques.- Freehand Sketching.- The “Squares” Method.- Proportional Dividers and Variable Scales.- The Pantograph.- Projectors.- Electrostatic Process Enlarging/ Reducing.- Photography.- 10 Duplicating an Illustration.- Factors in Choosing the Best.- Quality.- Quantity.- Price per Copy.- Time Required.- Intended Use of the Duplicated Illustration.- Size and Shape.- Colors.- Methods of Duplication.- Photography.- Spirit Duplication.- Stencil Duplication.- Ammonia-Process Copying.- Electrostatic-Process Copying.- Mechanical Printing Processes.