Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy: Second Book Studies in the Phenomenology of Constitution

ISBN-13: 9780792307136 / Angielski / Miękka / 1990 / 440 str.

Edmund Husserl; Richard Rojcewicz; Andri Schuwer

Opis

As is made plain in the critical apparatus and editorial matter appended to the original German publication of Hussed's Ideas II, I this is a text with a history. It underwent revision after revision, spanning almost 20 years in one of the most fertile periods of the philosopher's life. The book owes its form to the work of many hands, and its unity is one that has been imposed on it. Yet there is nothing here that cannot be traced back to Hussed himself. Indeed, the final" clean copy" for publication, prepared by an assistant, was completely reviewed by the master three times and emended by him in detail on each occasion. Nevertheless, in the end the work was in fact not submitted for publication, and after Hussed's pen last touched the manuscript in 1928 it was set aside until posthumously edited and published by the Hussed-Archives in 1952. The story of the composition of Ideas II begins with the "pencil manuscript" of 1912. This is the ultimate textual source for both Ideas II and Ideas III. 2 It has been preserved as a folio of 84 sheets in very dense shorthand of the Gabelsberger system, written mostly with a pencil. It was composed by Hussed "in one stroke" immediately after the completion of I Edmund Husser : Ideen zu einer reinen Phiinomenologie und phiinomenologischen Philosophie. Zweites Buch: Phiinomenologische Untersuchungen zur Konstitution. Edited by Marly Biemel. The Hague: Martinus NijhofT, 1952 (Husserliana IV).

Spis treści

Section One The Constitution of Material Nature.- one: The Idea of Nature in General.- § 1. Preliminary delineation of the concepts of nature and experience..- (Exclusion of meaning predicates).- § 2. The natural-scientific attitude as a theoretical attitude.- § 3. Analysis of the theoretical attitude, of the theoretical interest.- § 4. Theoretical acts and “pre-giving” intentional lived experiences.- § 5. Spontaneity and passivity; actuality and inactuality of consciousness.- § 6. The distinction between the transition into the theoretical attitude and the transition into reflection.- § 7. Objectivating and non-Objectivating acts and their correlates.- § 8. The sense-objects as primal constitutive objects.- § 9. Categorial and aesthetic (“sensuous”) synthesis.- § 10. Things, spatial phantoms, and the data of sensation.- § 11. Nature as sphere of mere things.- Two: The Ontic Sense-Strata of the Thing of Intuition as Such.- § 12. Material and animal nature.- § 13. The significance of extension for the structure of “things” in general and of material things in particular.- § 14. The significance of extension for the structure of animalia.- § 15. The essence of materiality (substance).- a) Phenomenological analysis of the givenness of the thing as a way toward determining the essence, “material thing.”.- b) Mobility and alterability as constituents of the material thing; the thing-schema.- c) Exhibition of the materiality of the thing by way of its dependence on circumstances.- d) The schema as real determinateness of the material thing.- e) More precise determination, redetermination, and cancellation of the thing-experience.- § 16. The constitution of the properties of the thing in multiple relations of dependency.- § 17. Materiality and substantiality.- Three: The Aestheta in Their Relation to the Aesthetic Body.- § 18. The subjectively conditioned factors of the constitution of the thing; the constitution of the Objective material thing.- a) The intuitive qualities of the material thing in their dependencies on the experiencing subject-Body.- b) The significance of normal perceptual conditions for the constitution of the intuited thing and the significance of abnormalities.- c) The significance of psychophysical conditionality for the various levels of constitution.- d) The physicalistic thing.- e) Possibility of the constitution of an “Objective nature” on the solipsistic level.- f) Transition from solipsistic to intersubjective experience.- g) More precise characterization of the physicalistic thing.- h) The possibility of the constitution of an “Objective nature” at the level of intersubjective experience.- Section Two The Constitution of Animal Nature.- § 19. Transition to the consideration of the soul as a natural Object.- § 20. The sense of the ordinary talk about the “psychic”.- § 21. The concept of “I as man”.- One: The Pure Ego.- § 22. The pure Ego as Ego-pole.- § 23. The possibility of grasping the pure Ego (the Ego-pole).- § 24. “Mutability” of the pure Ego.- § 25. Polarity of acts: Ego and Object.- § 26. Alert and dull consciousness.- § 27. “I as man” as part of the content of the environment of the pure Ego.- § 28. The real Ego constituted as transcendent Object; the pure Ego as given in immanence.- § 29. Constitution of unities within the sphere of immanence. Persistent opinions as sedimentations in the pure Ego.- Two: Psychic Reality.- § 30. The real psychic subject.- § 31. The formal-universal concept of reality.- § 32. Fundamental differences between material and psychic reality..- § 33. More precise determination of the concept of reality.- § 34. Necessity of the distinction between the naturalistic and the personalistic attitudes.- Three: The Constitution of Psychic Reality Through the Body.- § 35. Transition to the study of the constitution of “man as nature”.- § 36. Constitution of the Body as bearer of localized sensations (sensings).- § 37. Differences between the visual and tactual realms.- § 38. The Body as organ of the will and as seat of free movement.- § 39. Significance of the Body for the constitution of higher Objectivities.- § 40. More precision concerning the localization of the sensings and concerning the non-thingly properties of the Body.- § 41. Constitution of the Body as material thing in contrast to other material things.- a) The Body as center of orientation.- b) Peculiarity of the manifolds of appearance of the Body.- c) The Body as integral part of the causal nexus.- § 42. Character of the Body as constituted solipsistically.- Four: The Constitution of Psychic Reality in Empathy.- § 43. Givenness of other animalia.- § 44. Primal presence and appresence.- §45. Animalia as primally present Corporeal bodies with appresented interiority.- § 46. Significance of empathy for the constitution of the reality “I as man.”.- § 47. Empathy and the constitution of nature.- Section Three The Constitution of the Spiritual World.- § 48. Introduction.- One: Opposition Between the Naturalistic and Personalistic Worlds.- § 49. The personalistic attitude versus the naturalistic.- a) Introjection of the soul as presupposition even for the naturalistic attitude.- b) Localization of the psychic.- c) Temporalization of the psychic. (Immanent time and space-time).- d) Reflection on method.- e) The naturalistic attitude and the natural attitude.- § 50. The person as center of a surrounding world.- §51. The person in personal associations.- § 52. Subjective manifolds of appearance and Objective things.- § 53. The relationship between the consideration of nature and the consideration of the spirit.- Two: Motivation as the Fundamental Law of the Spiritual World.- § 54. The Ego in the inspectio sui.- § 55. The spiritual Ego in its comportment toward the surrounding world.- § 56. Motivation as the fundamental lawfulness of spiritual life.- a) Motivation of reason.- b) Association as motivation.- c) Association and experiential motivation.- d) Motivation in its noetic and noematic aspects.- e) Empathy toward other persons as an understanding of their motivations.- f) Natural causality and motivation.- g) Relations between subjects and things from the viewpoint of causality and of motivation.- h) Body and spirit as comprehensive unity: “spiritualized” Objects.- § 57. Pure Ego and personal Ego as Object of reflexive self-apperception.- § 58. The constitution of the personal Ego prior to reflection.- § 59. The Ego as subject of faculties.- § 60. The person as subject of acts of reason, as “free Ego”.- a) The “I can” as practical possibility, as neutrality modification of practical acts, and as original consciousness of abilities.- b) The “I can” motivated in the person’s knowledge of himself Self-apperception and self-understanding.- c) The influence of others and the freedom of the person.- d) General type and individual type in understanding persons.- § 61. The spiritual Ego and its underlying basis.- Three: The Onto logical Priority of the Spiritual World over the Naturalistic.- § 62. The interlocking of the personalistic attitude and the naturalistic attitude.- § 63. Psychophysical parallelism and interaction.- §64. Relativity of nature, absoluteness of spirit.- Supplements.- Supplement I: Attempt at a step-wise description of constitution.- Supplement II: The Ego as pole and the Ego of habitualities.- Supplement III: The localization of the ear noises in the ear.- Supplement IV: Sketch of an introduction to “The constitution of the spiritual world.”.- Supplement V: The pregivennesses of the spirit in spiritual life.- Supplement VI: Inspectio sui (“I do” and “I have”).- Supplement VII: The Ego and its “over-and-against.”.- Supplement VIII: On the unity of “Body” and “spirit”.- Supplement IX: Spiritual products.- Supplement X: Personal Ego and surrounding world (333)—The levels of the constitution of Objective reality (336)— Pure Ego and personal Ego (337).- Supplement XI: The human being apprehended in an inductive-natural way and the free person.- Supplement XII: Supplements to Section Three.- I. The Person—The Spirit and Its Psychic Basis.- § 1. The distinction between primal sensibility and intellectusAgens.- § 2. Sensibility as the psychic basis of the spirit.- Excursus: impression and reproduction.- § 3. Development of the Ego—Ego-action and Ego-affection.- II. Subjectivity as Soul and as Spirit in the Attitude of the Natural Sciences and in the Attitude of the Human Sciences.- § 1. The reality of the soul and of the human being.- § 2. Psychophysical causality and the causal nexus of things.- § 3. Possibility of the insertion of the soul into nature.- § 4. The human being as spiritual subject.- § 5. Empathy as spiritual (not naturalistic) relation between subjects.- § 6. Spiritual Ego and psychological Ego.—Constitution of the Ego as self-apperception.- § 7. Subjects considered as nature and as spirit.- § 8. Distinction between a psychological and a psychophysical analysis.- § 9. Stream of consciousness, lived experience, and intentional correlates as nexuses of psychic life.- § 10. The spiritual considered psychologically and the question of its “explanation.”—Two concepts of nature.- § 11. The human sciences posit subjectivity as absolute. —“Inner” and “outer” experience.- § 12. Nature in the human-scientific attitude.—The human-scientific and the phenomenological attitude.- Supplement XIII: “Personal subjectivity” as theoretical theme,.- Supplement XIV: Human-scientific attitude—Natural science incorporated into the human-scientific attitude.—Mere nature as surrounding world (389)—The various types of intuitive causality (390)—Abstract-scientific investigations (391)—Natural science within human science (392)—The concept of Objectivity (398).- Epilogue.