Iceland Within the Northern Atlantic, Volume 2: Interactions Between Volcanoes and Glaciers

ISBN-13: 9781789450156 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 272 str.

Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoe

Spis treści

List of Abbreviations ixPreface xvBrigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË and Françoise BERGERATIntroduction xixBrigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË and René MAURYChapter 1. Young Icelandic Volcanism and its Implications 1René MAURY and Brigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË1.1. Introduction 11.2. Icelandic magma series 31.2.1. Lava types 31.2.2. Geochemical diversity of young Icelandic basalts and their sources 81.2.3. Some geochemical constraints concerning the origin and geodynamic evolution of Iceland 131.3. Central volcanoes and active fissural systems 141.3.1. Central volcanoes 141.3.2. Fissural volcanism and subaerial lava flows 171.3.3. Hydromagmatism 261.4. Volcanic hazards in Iceland 311.4.1. Hazards related to lava flows 311.4.2. Hazards related to explosions and gas emissions 321.4.3. Jökulhlaups and associated hazards 371.4.4. Icelandic dust: a consequence of volcanism 441.5. References 51Chapter 2. Volcanism and Glaciations: Forcings and Chronometers 57Hervé GUILLOU, René MAURY and Brigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË2.1. Subglacial volcanic landforms 572.1.1. Subglacial isolated volcanoes or tuyas 582.1.2. Hyaloclastite ridges or tindar 612.2. Volcanism, deglaciation and climate 652.2.1. General features: deglaciation, discharge and partial melting 652.2.2. Deglaciation and climate feedback 692.3. The hypothesis of a link between volcanism and climate and its test by dating 702.3.1. The K-Ar chronometer 712.3.2. The combination of K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar methods for dating Icelandic volcanism 802.3.3. A link between volcanism and climate according to K-Ar ages? 862.3.4. A rhyolitic volcanism synchronous with deglaciations? 882.4. References 95Chapter 3. Cenozoic Evolution of Iceland and the Cryosphere 103Brigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË and Hervé GUILLOU3.1. Ice ages and the opening of the Atlantic 1033.1.1. The Middle and Final Miocene cooling 1083.1.2. The acceleration of the Middle Pliocene 1093.1.3. The Middle Pleistocene Transition 1123.1.4. The initiation of thermohaline circulation 1143.2. Iceland's Quaternary glaciations 1163.2.1. Conditions for the development and functioning of ice caps 1163.2.2. Glacio-isostasy 1193.2.3. Icelandic data 1233.2.4. The Icelandic record 1263.3. The last glacial episode and its deglaciation 1423.3.1. The Weichselian 1423.3.2. The Last Glacial Maximum 1443.3.3. Deglaciation and the Holocene 1503.4. Iceland today, its climate and vegetation 1613.4.1. The climate 1613.4.2. Ocean circulation and climate 1623.4.3. Soil, people and climate 1673.4.4. Soils and erosion 1733.5. References 179Conclusion 193Brigitte VAN VLIET-LANOË, René MAURY and Hervé GUILLOUReferences 199List of Authors 213Index 215Summary of Volume 1 221

O autorze

Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë is Emeritus Research Director at CNRS and is part of the Ocean Geosciences Laboratory at the University of Western Brittany, France. A surface geologist, she is a specialist in stratigraphy and the sedimentary formations of cold continental environments and their deformation by paleoseismicity.