Hydrostatic Extrusion: Theory and Applications

ISBN-13: 9789401086967 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 378 str.

N. Inoue; M. Nishihara

Opis

This book is intended to be a reference text on hydrostatic extru sion, a multidisciplinary technology involving the forming process of materials, tribology, high pressure engineering and so forth. Until now only one book bearing the title of hydrostatic extrusion, by Prof. Alexander and Dr. Lengyel, has been published since 1971. Although there are chapters on hydrostatic extrusion in such books as THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS UNDER PRESSURE edited by Dr. Pugh, METAL FORMING by Prof. Avitzur and HIGH PRESSURE TECHNOLOGY by Drs. Spain and Paauwe, it is regrettable that no up to-date reference books on hydro static extrusion are available. As is well known, hydrostatic extrusion is a nearly-ideal lubricated extrusion. Its advantages have been demonstrated by laboratory research in the past two decades, yet many manufacturers, however, still hesitate to adopt the technology in their plants. Their hesitation is certainly due to the lack of exact information on the process and its equipment and also to 'their unfamiliarity with the actual method of operation. In order to provide a useful introduction to the subject for engi neers who work in industries which plan to employ this technique and also to give exact and reliable information on the durability and perfo- ance of production facilities, as well as the capabilities of the process and the properties of extruded products, we decided to publish this book. Starting with theories and computational methods, the processes of cold, warm and hot hydrostatic extrusion are described by experts in their respective fields.

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theory of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- Section 1 Fundamentals of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Flow Stress and Extrusion Pressure.- 3. Geometrical Factors Affecting Extrusion Pressure.- 4. Ductile Fracture.- 5. Property of Product.- Section 2 Mechanics of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Analytical Methods for Extrusion.- 2. Stress and Strain.- 3. Upper Bound Method.- 4. Rigid-Plastic Finite Element Method.- 5. Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Method.- Section 3 Lubrication in Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Inlet Zone-Liquid Lubricants.- 3. Inlet Zone-Solid Lubricants.- 4. Steady Lubrication.- 5. Unsteady Lubrication.- 6. Lubricant Selection.- Section 4 Dynamics of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dynamics of Billet Motion.- 3. Dynamics of Press Ram Motion.- 4. Conclusions.- 3 Cold and Warm Hydrostatic Extrusion Process.- 3 Cold and Warm Hydrostatic Extrusion Process.- Section 1 Introduction.- Section 2 Main Features of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- Section 3 Methods of Cold and Warm Extrusion.- 1. Extrusion Process.- 2. Industrial Method for Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 3. Applications.- Section 4 Extrusion Pressure.- 1. Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys.- 2. Copper and Copper Alloys.- 3. Steels.- 4. Special Metals and Alloy.- 5. Clad Composite Metals.- Section 5 Process Parameters.- 1. Lubrication.- 2. Die Design.- 3. Billet Nose Geometry.- 4. Extrusion Temperature.- Section 6 Properties of Product.- 1. Surface Quality.- 2. Dimension.- 3. Microstructure.- 4. Mechanical Properties.- 4 Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion Process.- 4 Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion Process.- Section 1 Introduction.- Section 2 Method of Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Process of Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 2. Pressure Medium.- Section 3 Thermal Problems in Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Temperature Rise of Product.- 2. Die and Mandrel for High Temperature Use.- Section 4 Pressure Requirement for Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion.- Section 5 Quality of Extruded Products.- Section 6 Production Process Using Hot Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 5 Plant Equipment for Hydrostatic Extrusion.- Section 1 Extrusion Press and Auxiliary Equipment.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Basic Type of Hydrostatic Extrusion Press.- 3. Movement of Hydrostatic Extrusion Press.- 4. Structure of Hydrostatic Extrusion Press.- 5. Main Parts and Tools for Hydrostatic Extrusion Press.- 6. Auxiliary Equipment.- 7. Conclusions.- Section 2 Tooling for Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials for Tools.- 3. High Pressure Container.- 4. Stem.- 5. Die and Mandrel.- Section 3 Hydrostatic Extrusion Plants in Industry.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Description of 4,000 Tonf Hydrostatic Extrusion Press.- 3. Auxiliary Equipment.- 4. Solid-Rod Extrusion with 4,000 Tonf Press.- 5. Pipe Extrusion with 4,000 Tonf Extrusion Press.- 6. Conclusion.- 6 Hydrostatic Extrusion of Various Materials.- Section 1 Clad Composite Metals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Method of Billet Making and Extrusion.- 3. Extrusion Pressure.- 4. Conditions for Sound Extrusion.- 5. Thickness Distribution of Clad Layers.- 6. Clad Composite Products.- Section 2 Selected Hydrostatic Extrusion Methods and Extruded Materials.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Thick-Film Hydrostatic Extrusion Process.- 3. Hydrostatic Extrusion of Brittle Materials.- 4. Extrusion with a Step-Bore Container.- Section 3 Fine Wires.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Equipment.- 3. Extrusion Pressure in Cold Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 4. Warm Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- Section 4 Polymers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Plastic Deformation of Polymers.- 3. Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure.- 4. Mechanics of Hydrostatic Extrusion.- 5. Lubrication.- 6. Process Variables.- 7. Properties of Product.- 8. Conclusions.- Author Index.