Hydrometeorological Extreme Events and Public Health

ISBN-13: 9781119259305 / Angielski / Twarda / 2022 / 128 str.

Franziska Matthies

Opis

The book explains the link between projected changes in frequency, severity and geographical occurrence of hydrometeorological extreme events and climate change, describe related health effects and outline new developments in adaptation and mitigation options. It illustrates technical facts, with examples of international and national approaches and scientific projects and includes issues around multi-sectoral collaboration, stakeholder involvement and costs. To bring together various hydrometeorological extreme events and health in one volume, attention is given to general disaster risk management and the all hazards approach. According to WHO, floods affected 3.4 million people and killed more than 1000 between 2000 and 2011 in the European Region alone (WHO Regional Office for Europe, website). Floods are projected to increase in frequency and severity with climate change, with respective effects for human health and health systems. Reduction in precipitation and increased risk of droughts is projected for several regions in the world in relation to climate change. In Europe for example, the Mediterranean countries are likely to face more frequent and severe droughts. Literature on health effects and prevention and adaptation measures is still scarce. Drought related health risks are direct and indirect and risk management needs to involve several sectors. Invited authors cover a wide range of disciplines (e.g. public health specialists, medical doctors, health economists, and climatologists) and have expertise in climate change, extreme weather events and health with regard to health effects as well as to prevention and response measures. The book is divided in three parts with a range of chapters each. The first part outlines the links between climate change, trends in hydrometeorological extreme events and the effects on human health. It starts off with an overview over recent knowledge on climate change and health and introduces relevant issues around hydrometeorological extreme events. The second part deals with specific observed and projected health effects of hydrometeorological extreme events, namely heavy precipitation events, floods and droughts. It introduces the concepts of risk and vulnerability and the principles of health impact assessment. The third part is dedicated to disaster risk management, the multi-hazard approach and specific measures for flood and drought preparedness and response, respectively. It also looks at future needs for adaptation and mitigation measures and the ... resilience. It highlights the role of cross-sectoral collaboration and the of co-benefits for health of measures in other sectors. The global perspective and the multi-sectoral approach appeals to a broad audience ranging from students and scientists to practitioners and members of the international policy community.

Spis treści

List of Contributors viiiEditors xSeries Preface xiForeword xiiMaíre Connolly1 Introduction 1Ian Clark2 Precipitation and Temperature Extremes in a Changing Climate 3Enrico Scoccimarro and Antonio Navarra2.1 Introduction 32.2 Modelling Past Extreme Events to Project Future Changes 52.2.1 Climate Models and Simulations 52.2.2 Observed Changes in Precipitation and Temperature 102.2.3 Expected Changes for the End of the Current Century 132.3 Conclusions 20References 223 Climate Change and Health 26Alistair Woodward3.1 Introduction 263.2 The IPCC 5th Assessment Report 263.3 What Is New Since AR5? 303.4 Transition Risks 333.5 Co-Benefits - They are There, but Cannot be Assumed 333.6 Conclusion 34References 354 Flooding and Public Health in a Changing Climate 38Owen Landeg4.1 Introduction 384.2 Types of Floods 384.3 Health Impacts of Flooding 394.3.1 Populations at Risk 394.3.2 Mortality 404.3.3 Flooding and Mental Health 414.3.4 Flooding and Infectious Diseases 424.3.5 Displacement, Evacuation and Sheltering 444.4 Health System Resilience 444.5 Flooding and Climate Change 464.6 Public Health Mitigation, Planning and Prevention 464.7 Conclusions 47References 475 The Climate Change, Disaster Risk Reduction and Health Nexus 49Demetrio Innocenti5.1 Introduction 495.2 The Sendai Framework: Tackling Disaster Risk and Health at International Level 495.3 The Paris Agreement and the SDGS: Tackling Climate Change and Health 535.4 Comparative Analysis of the Three Frameworks 555.5 Conclusions 56References 576 Preparedness and Response in View of Climate Change Impacting on Health Challenges 58Virginia Murray and Lidia Mayner6.1 Introduction 586.2 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 596.2.1 Paris Agreement on Climate Change and Emergency Preparedness 606.3 Sustainable Development Goals 616.4 What are Hydrometeorological Extreme Events and How are They Defined? 626.5 Public Health Risk Management in Relation to Hydrological Extreme Events 646.5.1 International Health Regulations 2005 646.5.2 WHO Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Framework 2019 656.6 Public Health Risk Management - Some Specific Hydrometeorological Events Issues 676.6.1 Infectious Disease Associated with Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 676.6.2 Impacts of Climate Change Emergencies on Mental Health 696.7 Conclusions and Suggested Ways Forward 70References 717 The Health Costs of Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 74Gerardo Sanchez Martinez and Paul Hudson7.1 Introduction 747.2 Estimating the Economic Costs of Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 767.2.1 HEE Risk Assessment and Data 777.2.2 Methods for Valuing Health Impacts in Monetary Terms 797.2.3 Projections of Changes in Health and Well-Being Costs of Hydrometeorological Extreme Events Under Different Climate Change Scenarios 857.3 Reducing or Off-Setting the Health Costs of Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 867.3.1 Increasing the Resilience of Health Systems to Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 877.3.2 The Role of Insurance and Other Tools 887.3.3 Innovative Funding Sources 897.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 90References 928 Conclusions and Perspectives 99Franziska Matthies-Wiesler and Philippe Quevauviller8.1 Climate Change Mitigation Vs. Adaptation 998.2 Solution-Oriented Research 1018.3 Community-Building 1028.4 Strengthening International Partnerships 1038.5 Perspectives 105References 107Index 109

O autorze

Franziska Matthies-Wiesler, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Munich, GermanyPhilippe Quevauviller, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & European Commission, Brussels, Belgium