Hydrocarbons, Oils and Lipids: Diversity, Origin, Chemistry and Fate

ISBN-13: 9783319905686 / Angielski / Twarda / 2020 / 883 str.

Opis

This book describes the structural features and properties of important types of hydrocarbons and lipids and gives an overview of their analytical characterization in biological and environmental matrices. It covers the occurrence, biosynthesis and biological functions of these compound types in diverse organisms including bacteria and archaea, algae, higher plants and arthropods. It examines their distribution in the geosphere and fundamental processes controlling the fate of fossil organic matter. Finally, it addresses important aspects of their environmental chemistry and transfer processes between different compartments of bio- and geosphere. Hydrocarbons and lipids comprise extremely diverse organic compounds that play fundamental roles in biosphere and geosphere. They represent important functional components in all living organisms and constitute a major fraction of fossil organic matter in sedimentary systems. All chapters are written by renowned experts in the respective fields.

Spis treści

An Introduction to the Process of Cell, Tissue, and Organ Differentiation, and Production of Secondary Metabolites.- Cell andTissue Differentiation and Secondary Metabolites.- Glandular Trichomes on the Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum: Morphology, Developmental Ultrastructure, and Secondary Metabolites.- The Structural Peculiarities of the Leaf Glandular Trichomes: A Review.- Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites and Improved Size of Glandular Trichomes in Artemisia annua.- A Model for Resin Flow.- Research Progress on the Resin Canal and Raw Lacquer Synthesis of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley.- Production of Secondary Metabolites in Shoot Cultures.- Shoot Organogenesis, Genetic Stability, and Secondary Metabolite Production of Micropropagated Digitalis purpurea.- Bioreactor-Grown Shoot Cultures for the Secondary Metabolite Production.- Production of Specific Flavonoids and Verbascoside in Shoot Cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis.- Secondary Metabolites in Shoot Cultures of Hypericum.- Different Types of In Vitro Cultures of Schisandra chinensis and Its Cultivar (S. chinensis cv. Sadova): A Rich Potential Source of Specific Lignans and Phenolic Compounds.- High Production of Depsides and Other Phenolic Acids in Different Types of Shoot Cultures of Three Aronias: Aronia Melanocarpa, Aronia Arbutifolia, Aronia × Prunifolia.- Neuroprotective Xanthones and Their Biosynthesis in Shoot Cultures of Hoppea fastigiata (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke.- Bioreactor Technology for In Vitro Berry Plant Cultivation.- Secondary Metabolites of Various Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus/Rupr. et Maxim./Maxim) Organs Derived from Plants Obtained by Somatic Embryogenesis.- Production of Secondary Metabolites in Normal and Hairy Root Cultures.- Biotechnological Production of Useful Phytochemicals from Adventitious Root Cultures.- Mass Scale Hairy Root Cultivation of Catharanthus Roseus in Bioreactor for Indole Alkaloid Production.- Bioproduction of Anticancer Podophyllotoxin and Related Aryltretralin-Lignans in Hairy Root Cultures of Linum Flavum L..- Development of Taxus spp. Hairy Root Cultures for Enhanced Taxane Production.- Biosynthesis of Biological Active Abietane Diterpenoids in Transformed Root Cultures of Salvia Species.- Bonediol Production in Bonellia macrocarpa Hairy Root Culture.- Withanolide Production in Hairy Root Culture of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: A Review.- Enhanced Secondary Metabolite Production in Hairy Root Cultures Through Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors.- In Vitro Production Systems for Secondary Metabolites.- Morphogenesis, Genetic Stability, and Secondary Metabolite Production in Untransformed and Transformed Cultures.- Secondary Metabolism in Tissue and Organ Cultures of Plants from the Tribe Cichorieae.- Plant Liquid Cultures as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites.- Propagation of Southern Sweet-Grass Using In Vitro Techniques as a Method for the Production of Plants Being a Source of Standardized Raw Material.- Approaches for Modeling and Optimization of the Secondary Metabolite Production by Plant Biotechnology Methods.- Relationship of Phenolic Metabolism to Growth in Plant and Cell Cultures Under Stress.- In Vitro Systems of Selected Eryngium Species (E. planum, E. campestre, E. maritimum, and E. alpinum) for Studying Production of Desired Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids, Triterpenoid Saponins, and Essential Oil).- Biosynthesis and Biotechnological Production of Anticancer Drug Camptothecin in Genus Ophiorrhiza.- Production of Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Compounds in In Vitro Cultures of Club Mosses.-

O autorze

Heinz Wilkes studied chemistry at the University of Hamburg. During his Ph.D., he investigated the bacterial degradation of dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and other aromatic compounds. He was a Research Scientist in the Institute of Petroleum and Organic Geochemistry at the Research Centre Jülich and in the Organic Geochemistry Section at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. Since 2015, he is a Full Professor of Organic Geochemistry at Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg in the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment where he is responsible for the B.Sc. program in Environmental Sciences. His research has focused on molecular mechanisms of biogeochemical key reactions and metabolic pathways in microorganisms; the origin, fate, and transformation of hydrocarbons and petroleum in the environment and in the geosphere; and the reconstruction of past environments and climates using organic-geochemical proxy parameters. For many years he has been particularly interested in elucidating degradation pathways of hydrocarbons in anaerobic bacteria. He has published more than 120 articles in peer-reviewed journals and books. Since 2015, he is a Member of the Board of the European Association of Organic Geochemists.