Human Behavior and Environment: Advances in Theory and Research. Volume 1

ISBN-13: 9781468425529 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 302 str.

Irwin Altman; Joachim F. Wohlwill

Opis

This is the first in a series of volumes concerned with research encompassed by the rather broad term "environment and behavior. " The goal of the series is to begin the process of integration of knowledge on environmental and behavioral topics so that researchers and professionals can have material from diverse sources accessible in a single publication. The field of environment and behavior is broad and interdiscipli nary, with researchers drawn from a variety of traditional disciplines such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, geography, and other social and behavioral sciences, and from the biological and life sciences of medicine, psychiatry, biology, and ethology. The interdis ciplinary quality of the field is also reflected in the extensive involve ment of environmental professionals from architecture, urban plan ning, landscape architecture, interior design, and other fields such as recreation and natural resources, to name just a few. At present, the field has a somewhat chaotic flavor, with research being carried out by a variety of scholars who publish in a multitude of outlets. Many researchers and practitioners are unaware of the state of knowledge regarding a specific topic because of the unavailability of integrated reference materials. There are only a handful of books dealing with environment and behavior, most of them unintegrated collections of readings, with only an occasional systematic analysis of some facet of the field."

Spis treści

1 Attitudes, Behavior, and Environmental Policy Issues.- Some Preliminary Observations.- Man and Nature—Ambivalence and Inconsistency.- Environmental Words and Environmental Deeds.- The Behavior—Cognition Link.- The Transactional Model.- Implications for Public Policy.- Methodology.- Future Research.- Public Participation.- Environmental Education.- References.- 2 Environmental Aesthetics: The Environment as a Source of Affect.- A Psychological Foundation for Environmental Aesthetics.- The Role of Collative Properties of Stimuli.- Two Exploratory Attitudes: Specific versus Diversive.- Review of Environmental Aesthetics Research.- Research on the Role of Berlyne’s Collative Properties: Complexity.- The Role of Other Collative Variables.- The Place of Uncertainty in Environmental Aesthetics: A Reappraisal.- Issues of Methodology in the Study of Environmental Aesthetics.- Definition and Measurement of Environmental Variables.- Sampling of Environments.- Mode of Presentation of Environmental Stimuli.- Selection of Response Measures.- Some Unresolved Issues in Environmental Aesthetics.- Unity versus Diversity.- The Natural versus the Man-Made.- Beautiful versus Ugly: Continuum or N-Dimensional Space.- The Effects of Prolonged Exposure to a Given Environment.- The Place of Individual Differences in Environmental Evaluation.- Practical Applications of Environmental Aesthetics.- Architecture, Design, and Planning.- Management of Natural Recreation Areas.- Environmental Impact Statements.- Environmental Law.- Conclusion.- References.- 3 Perception of Landscape and Land Use.- A Research Rationale.- Matters of Policy.- Practice and Research.- Landscape and Land-Use Issues in the Forest Service.- A Landscape Planning Orientation.- Intergroup Agreement.- Planning Procedures.- Predicting Scenic Quality.- Future Directions.- Summary.- References.- 4 Motivational and Social Aspects of Recreational Behavior.- Motivational Aspects of Recreation.- The Hierarchy of Needs.- The Importance of Place of Residence.- Social Forces.- The Influence of Personality.- Review and Prospects.- References.- 5 Work Environments.- Effects on Workers: A Framework.- Work Environments: A Second Framework.- Settings.- Industrial Plants.- Business Offices.- Conclusion.- References.- 6 Behavioral Ecology, Health Status, and Health Care: Applications to the Rehabilitation Setting.- Behavioral Ecology.- The Problem of Spinal Cord Injury.- The Research Setting.- Behavior Setting Survey.- Developmental Work on Patient Observation.- Longitudinal Observations: Assessment of Patient Performance.- Key Aspects of Behavioral Ecology.- Molar Phenomena and Nonreductionism.- Behavioral Focus.- Naturalistic Emphasis.- Distribution of Phenomena.- Environment and Behavior.- Site Specificity and Place Dependencies.- Long Time Periods.- Systems Concepts and the Illusion of Side Effects.- Concluding Comments.- References.- 7 Environmental Change and the Elderly.- The Elderly—A Population at Risk.- Psychological Change.- Physiological Change.- Social Deficit.- Environmental Change.- Residential Mobility, Relocation, and Environmental Change.- Current Theory.- References.