Holography and Coherent Optics

ISBN-13: 9781468434224 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 818 str.

L. M. Soroko

Opis

Now that holography has matured (wIth Dennis Gabor having received the Nobel Prize In 1971) and that coherent optics has proved to be even more powerful than originally imagined, in open- ing the new field of "optical computing," it is particularlyappropri- ate to make available to English-speaking readers the translation of a uniquely outstanding text which presents the general and per- manent foundations of the field. L. M. Soroko's book has proved its usefulness, since It ap- peared in Russian In 1971, following the basic pattern set in the world's first monograph In the field, "An Introduction to Coherent Optics and Holography," written by G. w. Stroke in 1966, and since also available in Its second US edition (1969) from Academic Press, following the publication of its Russian edition by Mlr In 1967. To further enhance the usefulness of L. M. Soroko's book, and to assure that Its fundamental nature be completely updated, the Translation Editor, In agreement with the author, felt that this could best be assured by including an "updating appendix" In the form of three recent papers In the general field of "opto-dlgltal holographic Image processing and 3-D reconstructions," especially -also since their bibliographies Include numerous further refer- ences to a great many authors and workers throughout the world.

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- § 1.1 Principle of Holography. Interference of Light.- § 1.2 Three-Dimensional Nature of an Image. Parallax.- § 1.3 Plane Hologram.- § 1.4 Diffraction of Light in a Plane Hologram.- § 1.5 Coherence of Light.- § 1.6 Light Sources for Holography.- § 1.7 History of Holography.- 2 Optical Signal and Its Transformations.- § 2.1 Complex Signal in Optics.- § 2.2 Fourier Transformation.- § 2.3 Properties of Fourier Transformation.- § 2.4 Typical Fourier Transformations and Standard Notation for Commonly Occurring Functions.- § 2.5 Optical Systems Performing Fourier Transformation.- § 2.6 Convolution and Its Properties.- § 2.7 Correlation and Its Properties.- § 2.8 Convolution and Correlation in a Plane.- § 2.9 Optical System for Convolution and Cross-Correlation Operations.- § 2.10 Scalar Products of Functions.- § 2.11 Generalized Functions or Distributions.- § 2.12 Examples of Generalized Functions.- § 2.13 Fourier Transformation of Generalized Functions.- § 2.14 Convolution of Generalized Functions.- § 2.15 Fourier Transformation and Convolution of Functions in Multidimensional Spaces.- § 2.16 Delta Functions in a Plane.- § 2.17 Fourier Transformation of Radial Functions Defined in a Plane.- § 2.18 Hankel Transformation.- § 2.19 Truncated Fourier Transformation.- § 2.20 Hilbert Transformation.- § 2.21 Linear Filter.- § 2.22 Linear Two-Dimensional Filter.- § 2.23 Dispersion Relationships and Causality Principle.- § 2.24 Relationship Between Fourier, Hilbert, and Hankel Transformations.- § 2.25 Modulation of a Signal.- § 2.26 Fresnel Transformation.- § 2.27 Relationship Between Fresnel and Fourier Transformations.- § 2.28 Fresnel Sandwich.- § 2.29 Bickel-Bowman System.- § 2.30 Auxiliary Parameter in Fresnel Transformation.- § 2.31 Dirac and Sampling Transformations.- § 2.32 Comparison of Integral Transformations Used in Optics.- 3 Random Signal.- § 3.1 Random Function and Random Signal.- § 3.2 Stationary Random Signal.- § 3.3 Correlation Functions.- § 3.4 Fourier Transformation of Cross-Correlation Functions.- § 3.5 Average Power.- § 3.6 Energy Spectrum and Its Physical Meaning.- § 3.7 Random Noise and Interference.- § 3.8 Correlative Methods for Suppression of Noise and Interference.- § 3.9 Detection of a Signal of Known Waveform.- § 3.10 Indeterminacy Function.- § 3.11 Reconstruction of a Function From Its Autocorrelation.- 4 Coherence of Light.- § 4.1 Mutual Coherence Function.- § 4.2 Properties of an Analytic Signal and of Mutual Coherence Function.- § 4.3 Emission of Light by Atoms.- § 4.4 Temporal and Spatial Coherence.- § 4.5 Temporal Coherence.- § 4.6 Interference of Waves of Different Frequencies.- § 4.7 Generalization of Mutual Coherence Function to Interference of Light of Different Frequencies.- § 4.8 Transverse and Longitudinal Spatial Coherence.- § 4.9 Incoherent Extended Source Generating Spatially Coherent Light.- § 4.10 Relationship Between Coherence and Diffraction of Light.- § 4.11 Coherence Determination and Measurement Methods.- § 4.12 Relationship Between Coherence and Emission Spectrum.- § 4.13 Wave Equation of Mutual Coherence Function.- § 4.14 Integral Representation of Mutual Coherence Function.- § 4.15 Measurement of Coherence of a Laser Beam.- § 4.16 Coherence and Diffusing Screens.- 5 Information Structure of Optical Signals.- § 5.1 Introduction.- § 5.2 Indeterminacy Principle.- § 5.3 Classical Representation of a Signal in Information Theory.- § 5.4 Elementary Signal.- § 5.5 Determinate Function With a Bounded Spectrum.- § 5.6 Properties of Sampling Function.- § 5.7 Determinate Function of Finite Duration.- § 5.8 One-Dimensional Functions With Finite Spectra.- § 5.9 Two-Dimensional Functions With Finite Spectra.- § 5.10 Sampling Theorem in Optics.- § 5.11 Illumination Matrix.- § 5.12 Intensity Matrix.- § 5.13 Image and Detector Matrices.- § 5.14 Temporal Sampling Points.- 6 Holography.- § 6.1 Introduction.- § 6.2 Basic Holographic System.- § 6.3 Development of Photographic Emulsions.- § 6.4 Relationship Between an Object and a Light Wave Reaching Entrance Pupil.- § 6.5 Holograms of Very Simple Objects.- § 6.6 Holographic Microscope.- § 6.7 Relation Between an Object and a Light Wave Reaching Entrance Pupil for Arbitrary Illumination.- § 6.8 Theory of Most General Holographic System.- § 6.9 Alternative Representations of Spherical Fresnel Transform and Its Fourier Transform.- § 6.10 Rigorous Classification of Holograms.- § 6.11 Most Typical Systems for Obtaining Different Types of Hologram.- § 6.12 Absorption and Relief-Phase Holograms.- § 6.13 Amplitude Synthesis of Images.- § 6.14 Correlative Compensation of Extended Reference Source Effects.- § 6.15 Theory of Correlative Compensation of Extended Source Effects.- § 6.16 Holograms of Phase Objects.- § 6.17 Information Capacity of a Photographic Emulsion and Its Use in Holography.- § 6.18 Some Features of Amplitude Synthesis of Images by Holography.- § 6.19 Synthesized Holograms.- § 6.20 Coherence in Holography.- § 6.21 Intensity Holograms Obtained Under Incoherent Illumination Conditions.- § 6.22 Holograms Formed with a Fresnel Zone Plate.- § 6.23 Achromatic Holography.- § 6.24 Volume Holograms.- § 6.25 Vector Field Holograms of Two Polarization States.- § 6.26 Ghost Images.- § 6.27 Polychromatic Images.- § 6.28 Aberrations in Holography.- § 6.29 Generalized Hologram and Principle of a Reference Object.- § 6.30 Stroboscopic Holograms.- 7 Optical Information Processing Methods.- § 7.1 Increasing Importance of Optics in Computing Technology.- § 7.2 Fourier Transformation in a Coherent Optical System.- § 7.3 Linear Optical Filter.- § 7.4 Principle of Spatial Filtering of Images.- § 7.5 Optical Correlator.- § 7.6 Convolution and Correlation in Coherent Optical Systems.- § 7.7 Image Recognition.- § 7.8 Binary Matched Filter.- § 7.9 Main Components of a Coherent Optical System.- § 7.10 Generalized Fresnel Function.- § 7.11 Optical Stage.- § 7.12 Imaging Condition.- § 7.13 Condition for Obtaining a Fourier Transform.- § 7.14 Change of Scale in a Fourier Transform.- § 7.15 Multistage Optical Systems.- § 7.16 Multichannel Systems.- § 7.17 Spatial Invariance of Linear Optical Filter.- § 7.18 Suppression of Noise by Spatial Differentiation of Optical Signals.- § 7.19 Permissible Displacements of a Filter.- § 7.20 Some Optical Systems Used in Preparation of Matched Filters.- § 7.21 File of Matched Filters.- § 7.22 Capacity of Matched-Filter File.- § 7.23 Incoherent Optical Information Processing Systems.- § 7.24 Two-Dimensional Translator.- § 7.25 Temporal Holographic Filter.- § 7.26 Correlative Comparison of Two Signals.- § 7.27 Redistribution of Information Degrees of Freedom.- § 7.28 Operation of a Coherent Side-Looking Radar Station.- § 7.29 Theory of Coherent Side-Looking Radar.- § 7.30 Analysis of Data in a Coherent Radar Frame.- § 7.31 A Posteriori Image Processing Apodization.- § 7.32 Removal of Spherical Aberration of Lenses.- Optical Computing, by George W. Stroke.- Retrieval of Good Images from Accidentally Blurred Photographs, by George W. Stroke, Maurice Halioua, Venugopal Srinivasan, and Morimasa Shinoda.- Image Improvement and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Holographic Image Processing by George W. Stroke, Maurice Halioua, Friedrich Thon, and Dieter H. Willasch.