Introduction; Ana Isabel Queiroz, Simon Pooley.- 1. Mare Nostrum, Mare quod invaditur – the history of bioinvasions in the Mediterranean Sea; Bella S. Galil et al.- 2. The apparently relentless spread of the major stomatopod and decapod alien species in the Mediterranean basin; Chiara Manfrin et al.- 3. Scourge in the Mediterranean. The Argentine ant invasion and the phytosanitary policies imposed in the 1920s; Ana Isabel Queiroz.- 4. Balearic Islands herpetological history: when aliens conquered these islands and what to do next; Iolanda Silva-Rocha et al.- 5. The Xenopus laevis invasion in Portugal: an improbable connection of science, Mediterranean climate and river neglect; Mónica Sousa et al.- 6. Ecologically benign invasions: The invasion and adaptation of common waxbills (Estrilda astrild) in Iberia; Gonçalo C. Cardoso, Luís Reino.- 7. Long term mammal introductions in Ionian and Aegeus Islands; Marco Massetti.- 8. Spartina invasors in Mediterranean marshes: past, present and future; Bernardo Duarte et al.- 9. The Akrotiri peninsula and its forest: Impacts and perceptions of a colonial legacy; J.M. Peyton et al.- 10. The entangled history of humans and introduced plants on South Africa’s Cape Peninsula; Simon Pooley.- Indexes.