Introduction1. Introduction of Writing 2. Further development of the Script and the representation of Japanese sounds 3. Later developments of the language, and divergence between spoken and written forms II. The Substantive III. Predicative Words IV. The Adjective. V. The Verb VI. The Auxiliary verbs aru and suru VII. The Particles VIII. The Adverb IX. The Formation of Words X. Grammatical Functions XI. Syntax Appendix. Comparison of spoken and written forms