Historical Buildings and Energy

ISBN-13: 9783319526133 / Angielski / Twarda / 2017 / 221 str.

Giovanna Franco; Anna Magrini

Opis

This book provides a methodological framework to set properly the thermal enhancement and energy efficiency in historical buildings during a renovation process. It describes the unique thermal features of historical properties, closely examining how the building materials, structural elements, and state of conservation can impact energy efficiency, including sample calculations and results. It also describes means and aims of several fundamental steps to improve energy efficiency in historical buildings with an experimentation on a case study. This timely text also introduces leading-edge technologies for enhancing the energy performance of historical buildings, including the potential for integration of co- ad tri-generation though micro-turbines, photovoltaics and solar collectors and their compatibility with architectural preservation.

Spis treści

Part I Methodology

1 Contexts and Methodology

(Giovanna Franco)

1.1 The Main Principles

1.1.1 Heritage as an Active Resource

1.1.2 Heritage and Sustainability: Aporias and Conflicts

1.2 The Contexts

1.2.1 Research and Technological Innovation

1.2.2 Technical Regulations and Guidelines

1.3 The Questions

1.3.1 The Smart Grid System and Historical Heritage

1.3.2 Quality of the Renovation Process and Sustainable Management

1.3.3 The Role of the Tools

1.4 Energy Efficiency in Historical Heritage and Applied Research

1.4.1 The System of Knowledge, Data Acquisition, Cataloguing and Management

1.4.2 The Evaluations

1.4.3 The Strategies

1.5 The Structure of the Book

References

2 Conserving-Restoring for the Future What we Inherited from the Past

(Stefano F. Musso)

2.1 The Reasons of Conservation-Restoration of Built Environment Today

2.2 A Brief Historical Profile of the Discipline 

2.3 Methodological and Operational Issues and Tools

2.4 Studies and Researches

2.5 Values, Impacts, Consequences of the Conservation-Restoration Interventions

2.6 The Specificity of any Conservation-Restoration Project

2.7 Conservation-Restoration as an Open and Transversal Field

2.8 New Reasons and Challenges for Conservation-Restoration in the Future World

References

3 Energy Efficiency and HVAC system in existing and historical buildings

(Francesca d'Ambrosio Alfano, Livio de Santoli)

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The EN 16883 Standard

3.3 AiCARR's Guide

3.3.1 The Energy Efficiency as Preservation Tool

3.3.2 HVAC Systems in Historical Buildings

3.3.3 Thermal Insulation og the Envelope of Historical Buildings

3.3.4 AiCARR’s Procedure to Improve the Energy Efficiency in Historical Buildings

3.3.5 Energy Efficiency and Cultural Landscape: a Tool to Assess their Integration<

3.4 Conclusions

References

4 Thermal Behaviour of Historical Buildings, Materials and Components: Methodological Framework, Calculation, Results

(Anna Magrini)

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Calculation Method of the Energy Performance of Buildings

4.3 Main Parameters for the Thermal Characterization of Walls

4.3.1 Thermal Transmittance

4. 3.2 Thermal Bridges

4.3.3 Dynamic Thermal Characteristics of the Envelope

4.3.4 Vapour Transmission through Walls

4.4 Some Typologies of Walls and their Characteristics

4.5 Thermo-hygrometric Analysis in the Energy Refurbishment

2.5.1 Effects of the Insulation on Historic Building Walls

References

Part II Enhancing Energy Efficiency in a Monumental Complex: a Feasibility Study

5 Energy and Heritage. Development on a Case Study

(Giovanna Franco)

5.1 The Complex of the Albergo dei Poveri in Genoa

5.2 Brief History of the Settlement

5.3 Morphological and Architectural Features

5.4 Current Use of the Building

5.5 For a Sustainable Cognitive Approach: Acquisition, Cataloguing and Management of Information

5.6 Improving the Energy Performance of the Complex: a Feasibility Study

References

6 Constructive Techniques in Historical Buildings

(Simonetta Acacia, Marta Casanova)

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The Elevation Structure: the Walls

6.3 Vaults and Wooden Floors

6.4 The Roof Structures

6.5 The Windows

References

7 Thermal Behaviour and Energy Demand 

(Giovanna Franco, Marco Cartesegna)

7.1 General Masterplan: Identification of New Compatible Uses

7.2 Quantifying Energy Needs: Power Demand for Heating

7.2.1 Thermal Characteristic of Dispersive Elements: External Walls

7.2.2 Roofs

7.2.3 Attic floors

7.2.4 Windows

7.2.5 Prerequisites for the New Uses and Calculation

7.3 Energy demand for Hot Water

7.4 The Electricity Demand 

7.4.1 Electricity Demand for Lighting

7.4.2 Electricity Demand for Other Electrical Appliances

7.4.3 Measuring the Air Conditioning Systems

7.5 Overall Calculation of Energy Consumption

7.5.1 Consumption of Electricity and Thermal Energy for Summer Cooling

7.5.2 Consumption of electricity and thermal energy for winter heating

7.5.3 Electricity consumption for extraction in communal bathrooms

7.5.4 Consumption of electricity and thermal energy for hot water

7.5.5 Consumption of electricity for lighting and supplying other apparatus

8 Strategies for Energy Saving and Efficiency: Technical Feasibility, Compatibility, Energy Balance

(Giovanna Franco, Marco Cartesegna)

8.1 Improving the Thermal Performance of the Historical Buildings

8.1.1 Insulation of the Roof 

8.2.1 Insulation of the Attic Floors

8.2.1.1 Masonry Brick Vaults

8.2.1.2 Wooden Structure and Plastered Wattle Vaults

8.2.1.3 Brick Arches and Plastered Wattle Vaults

8.2.1.4 Reinforced Concrete Floors

8.2.1.5 Plasterboard Ceilings

8.3.1 Insulation of the External Walls

8.4.1 External Windows: Conservation, Restoration and Addition

8.2 Energy Gains from the Insulating Techniques

8.3 The Cogeneration System: Installation of Micro-turbines

8.3.1 Preliminary Analysis of the Cogeneration Units

8.3.2 Coverage of Thermal and Electrical Loads through Cogeneration Units

8.3.3 Calculation during Winter and Summer Periods

8.3.4 Operation Mode of "Thermal Tracking" Cogenerators

8.4 Micro-generation through Solar Energy

References

9 Impacts of Solar-powered Panels on the Historical Environment

(Giovanna Franco)

9.1 Efficacy, Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment

9.2 Means and Aims: Integration, Mimesis and Alteration

9.3 Identification of the Factors and Criteria for Compatibility

9.4 Compatibility Criteria: General Recommendations

9.4.1 Interventions on historical buildings, either isolated or aggregated

9.4.2 Intervention on flat roofs

9.4.3 Interventions on annexes to the building or projecting elements

9.4.4 Interventions on recently constructed buildings

9.5 Recommendations relating to Quantitative and Qualitative Factors

9.5.1Surface area and coverage ratio

9.5.2 Height

9.5.3 Width 

9.5.4 Shape 

9.5.5 Colour 

9.5.6 Texture

9.5.6 Tilt

9.5.6 Attachment/anchoring method

9.5.7 Arrangement: discrete or continuous

9.5.8 Aggregation, proportion and alignment 

References

O autorze

Dr. Giovanna Franco architect, PhD is Associate Professor in Technology of Architecture at the University of Genoa, Italy and Director of the Graduate School (post master) in Architectural Heritage and Landscape of the same University. Her research topics include: Traditional Architecture, methodologies and techniques for its renovation; Maintenance, Upgrading and Enhancement of 20th Century Built Heritage; Technological Innovation, Sustainability and Energy Efficiency in Historical Context and Protected Landscape. She has been scientific responsible in several national researches and involved in international ones (5FP Growth 2000, Culture 2000, Medplan, Erasmus+). 

Dr. Anna Magrini is Full Professor in Building Physics at the University of Pavia, Italy. Her research interests include: Acoustics, Noise Pollution, Air-conditioning, Hygrometric problems of building structures, Heat transfer, Ventilation, Energy performance of buildings, Calculation models, Environmental, Acoustic and Lighting Comfort. Dr. Magrini coordinates and participates in projects of Italian national interest investigating the energy performance of existing buildings, acoustics, urban quality and health perception.

Blurb

This book provides a methodological framework to set properly the thermal enhancement and energy efficiency in historical buildings during a renovation process. It describes the unique thermal features of historical properties, closely examining how the building materials, structural elements, and state of conservation can impact energy efficiency, including sample calculations and results. It also describes means and aims of several fundamental steps to improve energy efficiency in historical buildings with an experimentation on a case study. This timely text also introduces leading-edge technologies for enhancing the energy performance of historical buildings, including the potential for integration of co- ad tri-generation though micro-turbines, photovoltaics and solar collectors and their compatibility with architectural preservation.

• Discusses the unique considerations for energy efficiency that are necessary when planning preservation and update work on historical buildings;

• Provides tools to help undertake such projects, including methodological frameworks, sample calculations, and the results of technical feasibility studies;

• Includes one complete case studies from work recently conducted on a listed building.