High-Pressure Crystallography: From Fundamental Phenomena to Technological Applications

ISBN-13: 9789048192601 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 612 str.

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Opis

This volume is a collection of lectures presented during the 2009 International School on High-pressure Crystal- graphy, which took place at the Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture, between June 4 and 14, 2009, in the very picturesque Sicilian town of Erice. st The 2009 school was the 41 course of the International School of Cryst- lography organized at the Majorana Center and was directed by Elena Figure 1. Audience, including local Boldyreva (Novosibirsk University) organizers (orange scarfs) and student and Przemyslaw Dera (University of participants during one of the lectures. Chicago). Unmatched support and excellent on-site organization was provided by the expert team consisting of Prof. Paola Spadon (Uniersity of Padova), Prof. Lodovico Riva di San Severino (University of Bologna), Elena Papinutto and Prof. John Irvin (University of California, San Franciso), aided by great team of young local organizers ( orange scarfs ). Major part of funding for the school was provided by a grant from the NATO Science for Peace and Security program, through which the 2009 Erice school was recognized as a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI)."

Spis treści

Preface.- Introduction to high pressure science; P. Dera.- Single crystal synchrotron techniques; P. Dera.- Synchrotron high-pressure high-temperature techniques; M. Mezouar.- Mineral physics of Earth core: iron alloys at extreme condition; L. Dubrovinsky et al.- Synchrotron-based spectroscopic techniques: Mössbauer and high-resolution inelastic scattering; J.M.Jackson.- High-pressure x-ray absorption spectroscopy: application to the local aspects of phase transitions in ferroelectric perovskites; J.-P.Itie et al.- Present-day high-intensity and high-resolution neutron diffraction and neutron scattering under high pressure; A.M.Balagurov.- Large volume presses for high-pressure studies using synchrotron radiation; Y.Wang.- Rheology at high pressures and high temperatures; Y.Wang, N.Hilairet.- Radial diffraction in the diamond anvil cell: methods and applications; S.Merkel.- Reduction and analysis of two-dimensional diffraction data including texture analysis; S.Vogel.- Equations of state and their applications in geosciences; T.Boffa Ballaran.- Anisotropic compression. What can it teach us about intermolecular interactions?; E.Boldyreva.- High-pressure structural evolution of molecular crystals; N.Casati.- Introduction into the theory of phase transitions; V.Dmitriev.- Phase transitions in AB systems. Symmetry aspects; H.Sowa.- The charm of subtle H-bonds transformations; A.Katrusiak.- Carrier bandwidth physical phenomena in strongly correlated magnetic oxides. Lessons from neutron diffraction at high pressures; D.P.Kozlenko.- Jahn-Teller systems at high pressure; F.Rodriguez.- Effect of spin transitions in iron on structure and properties of mantle minerals; L.Dubrovinsky et al.- Boron and boron-rich solids at high pressures; A.Polian et al.- Non-molecular carbon dioxide at high pressure; M. Santoro.- Simple metals at high pressures; O.Degtyareva.- Light metal hydrides under non-ambient conditions: probing chemistry by diffraction? ; Y.Filinchuk.- Evolutionarycrystal structure prediction and novel high-pressure phases; A.R.Oganov et al.- Ab initio quantum chemistry and semi-empirical description of solid state phases under high pressure: Chemical applications; P.Macchi.- First-principles simulations of alloy thermodynamics in megabar pressure range; I.A.Abrikosov.- First-principles molecular dynamics and applications in planetary science; S.Scandolo.- Molecular orbital approach to interpret high pressure phenomena – case of elusive gold monofluoride; W.Grochala, D. Kurzyd?owski.- High-pressure synthesis of materials; P.F.McMillan.- High-pressure synthesis of novel superhard phases in the B–C–N–O system; V.Solozhenko.- Synthesis and structure-property relations of binary transition metal carbides at extreme conditions; B.Winkler et al.- High pressure and superconductivity: intercalated graphite CaC6 as a model system; A.Gauzzi et al.- Structure-property relationships in novel high-pressure superhard materials; N.Dubrovinkaia, L.Dubrovinsky.- Carbon nanotubes under high pressure probed by resonance Raman scattering; A.San-Miguel et al.- High-pressure studies of energetic materials; C.Pulham et al.- Amorphous materials at high pressure; C.Sanloup.- Amorphous x-ray diffraction at high pressire: polyamorphic silicon and amyloid fibrils; P.F.McMillan et al.- Microporous materials at high-pressure: are they really soft?; G.D.Gatta.- Hydrogen bonding in minerals at high pressures; B.Winkler.- Nanomaterials at high pressure: spectroscopy and diffraction techniques; G.R.Hearne.- Analysis of the total scattering using the quantitative high pressure pair distribution function: practical considerations; J.B.Parise et al.- Analysis of the total scattering using the quantitative high pressure pair distribution function: case studies; L.Ehm et al.- High-pressure studies of pharmaceuticals & biomimetics. Fundamentals and applications. A general introduction; E.Boldyreva .- New frontiers in physical form discovery:

Blurb

This book is devoted to the theme of crystallographic studies at high pressure, with emphasis on the phenomena characteristic to the compressed state of matter, as well as experimental and theoretical techniques used to study these phenomena. As a thermodynamic parameter, pressure is remarkable in many ways. In the visible universe its value spans over sixty orders of magnitude, from the non-equilibrium pressure of hydrogen in intergalactic space, to the kind of pressure encountered within neutron stars. In the laboratory, it provides the unique possibility to control the structure and properties of materials, to dramatically alter electronic properties, and to break existing, or form new chemical bonds. This agenda naturally encompasses elements of physics (properties, structure and transformations), chemistry (reactions, transport), materials science (new materials) and engineering (mechanical properties); in addition it has direct applications and implications for geology (minerals in deep Earth environments), planetary sciences, biology and medicine.