High-Frequency Oscillator Design for Integrated Transceivers

ISBN-13: 9781441953872 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 343 str.

J. Van Der Tang; Dieter Kasperkovitz; Arthur H. M. Van Roermund

Opis

High-Frequency Oscillator Design for Integrated Transceivers covers the analysis and design of all high-frequency oscillators required to realize integrated transceivers for wireless and wired applications. This includes the design of oscillator types as single-phase LC oscillators, I/Q LC oscillators, multi-phase LC oscillators, and ring oscillators in various IC technologies such as bipolar, BiCMOS, CMOS, and SOI (silicon on insulator). Starting from an in depth review of basic oscillator theory, the authors discuss key oscillator specifications, numerous oscillator circuit topologies, and introduce the concepts of design figures of merit (FOMs) and benchmark FOMs, which assist the oscillator designer during the overall design cycle. Taking advantage of behavioral modeling, the elementary properties of LC oscillators and ring oscillators are analyzed first. A detailed analysis of oscillator properties at circuit level follows taking parasitic elements and other practical aspects of integrated oscillator design into account. Special attention is given to advantages and limitations of linear time invariant (LTI) phase noise modeling, leading to the concept of optimum coupling in I/Q LC oscillators and a simulation method for fast and efficient phase noise optimization in oscillators. In addition, all modern linear time variant (LTV) phase noise theories are covered. As not only phase noise is of high importance to the designer, but optimization of other oscillator properties as well, additional subjects such as various tuning methods of LC oscillators are analyzed, too. Design examples of integrated LC and ring oscillators in the frequency range of 100 MHz up to 11 GHz are thoroughly discussed throughout the book. The clear and structured discussion of basic oscillator properties make High-Frequency Oscillator Design for Integrated Transceivers an excellent starting point for the inexperienced oscillator designer. The detailed analysis of many oscillator types and circuit topologies, the discussion of numerous practical design issues together with fast optimization methods, and more than 200 carefully selected literature references on oscillator literature, LC oscillator and ring oscillator designs make this book a very valuable resource for the experienced IC designer as well.

Spis treści

Preface. Glossary. Abbreviations. 1: Introduction. 1.1. History. 1.2. Application examples. 1.3. Literature on oscillators. 1.4. The oscillator designer. 1.5. Scope. 2: Oscillators. 2.1. The ideal oscillator. 2.2. The non-ideal oscillator. 2.3. Classification. 2.4. Oscillation conditions. 2.5. Amplitude stabilization and settling time. 2.6. Summary. 3: Structured design with FOMs. 3.1. Analog circuit design. 3.2. Structured and automated design methods. 3.3. FOM-based structured design. 3.4. Modeling framework. 3.5. Summary. 4: Specifications. 4.1. Nominal specifications versus design specifications. 4.2. Frequency and tuning range. 4.3. Phase noise to carrier ratio. 4.4. Jitter. 4.5. Waveform. 4.6. Carrier amplitude and power. 4.7. Phase and amplitude matching. 4.8. Power dissipation and supply voltage. 4.9. Supply pushing. 4.10. Voltage, temperature and process variation. 4.11. Technology and chip era. 4.12. Summary. 5: Elementary properties. 5.1. Frequency and phase. 5.2. Tuning. 5.3. Waveform. 5.4. Carrier amplitude and power. 5.5. Summary. 6: Practical properties. 6.1. Frequency and phase. 6.2. Tuning. 6.3. L(fm): linear time-invariant modeling. 6.4. L(fm): linear time-variantand nonlinear modeling. 6.5. Waveform. 6.6. Carrier amplitude and power. 6.7. Power dissapation and supply voltage. 6.8. Summary. 7: Figures of Merit. 7.1. Design FOMs. 7.2. Benchmark FOMs. 7.3. Summary. 8: AC phase noise simulation tool. 8.1. AC phase noise simulation. 8.2. ACPN simulation flow. 8.3. Simulation example I: verification of Lbipo (fm). 8.4. Simulation example II: L(fm) of a SOA LC oscillator. 8.5. Sumary. 9: Design examples. 9.1. A 670 830 MHz LC oscillator for FM radio in SOA. 9.2. A 0.9 2.2 GHz two-integrator VCO for Sat-TV. 9.3. A 225 310 MHz LC oscillator with PMOS varactors. 9.4. A 10GHz I/Q ring VCO for optical receivers. A: Resonator quality factor. B: Behavioral modeling building blocks. C: The ideal limiter and implementations. D: I/Q signal generation implementations. E: The frequency of a ring oscillator. F: Bipolar and MOS AC calculation model. G: Overview of LC oscillator designs. H: Overview of ring oscillator designs. I: Q and L(fm) of linear LC oscillators. J: Q and L(fm) of linear ring oscillators. References. Literature on LC oscillator designs. Literature on ring oscillator designs. About the Authors.