High-Frequency Circuit Design and Measurements

ISBN-13: 9780412341601 / Angielski / Miękka / 1990 / 226 str.

Peter C. L. Yip; P. Yip

Opis

An elective course in the final-year BEng progamme in electronic engin eering in the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong was generated in response to the growing need of local industry for graduate engineers capable of designing circuits and performing measurements at high frequencies up to a few gigahertz. This book has grown out from the lecture and tutorial materials written specifically for this course. This course should, in the opinion of the author, best be conducted if students can take a final-year design project in the same area. Examples of projects in areas related to the subject matter of this book which have been completed successfully in the last two years that the course has been run include: low-noise amplifiers, dielectric resonator-loaded oscillators and down converters in the 12 GHz as well as the 1 GHz bands; mixers; varactor-tuned and non-varactor-tuned VCOs; low-noise and power amplifiers; and filters and duplexers in the 1 GHz, 800 MHz and 500 MHz bands. The book is intended for use in a course of forty lecture hours plus twenty tutorial hours and the prerequisite expected of the readers is a general knowledge of analogue electronic circuits and basic field theory. Readers with no prior knowledge in high-frequency circuits are recom mended to read the book in the order that it is arranged. ______ In_t_ro_d_u_c_tl_.o_n ______ 1 1."

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Trends in electronic circuits and systems.- 1.2 High-frequency circuits.- 1.3 Examples of high-frequency systems.- Further reading.- 2 Transmission-line Theory and Microstrips.- 2.1 Transmission lines in high-frequency circuits.- 2.2 Transmission-line parameters.- 2.3 Terminated transmission line.- 2.4 Terminated lossy line.- 2.5 Smith chart.- 2.6 Microstrip as a transmission line.- 2.7 An example of the application of microstrip.- 2.8 Static TEM parameters.- 2.9 Formulae for the synthesis and analysis of microstrips.- 2.10 Frequency dependence of ?eff.- 2.11 Effect of finite strip thickness and metallic enclosure.- 2.12 Fabrication of microstrips.- Problems.- Further reading.- 3 s-parameters.- 3.1 Network characterization.- 3.2 Scattering parameters.- 3.3 Measurement of s-parameters.- 3.4 s-parameters and signal flow graphs.- Problems.- Further reading.- 4 Impedance Matching.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Concept of operating Q-factor.- 4.3 Two-element L network.- 4.4 Three-element matching.- 4.5 Designing with the Smith chart.- 4.6 Transmission-line matching network.- Problems.- Further reading.- 5 Transistors at High Frequencies.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Transistor equivalent circuit.- 5.3 Input impedance.- 5.4 Output impedance.- 5.5 Gain.- 5.6 Feedback.- 5.7 Small-signal two-port parameters.- 5.8 Understanding high-frequency transistor data sheets.- 5.9 Biasing of high-frequency transistors.- Problems.- Further reading.- 6 Small-signal Amplifier Design.- 6.1 Characterization of high-frequency amplifiers.- 6.2 Power gain.- 6.3 Unilateral amplifier design.- 6.4 Non-unilateral amplifier design.- 6.5 Stability criteria.- 6.6 Load and source stability circles.- 6.7 Constant power gain circles.- 6.8 Low-noise amplifier design.- 6.9 Broadband considerations.- 6.10 Summary of design procedures.- Problems.- Further reading.- 7 Power Amplifiers.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Biasing of power transistors.- 7.3 Power transistor design data.- 7.4 Power amplifier design.- Problems.- Further reading.- 8 Oscillators.- 8.1 General overview of oscillator design.- 8.2 Conversion of the s-matrix.- 8.3 Theory of oscillation.- 8.4 Oscillator design.- 8.5 Summary of design procedures.- Problems.- Further reading.- 9 The Spectrum Analyser and its Applications.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Operating principle of a spectrum analyser.- 9.3 Characteristics of a spectrum analyser.- 9.4 Tracking generator.- 9.5 Applications of spectrum analysers.- Problems.- Further reading.- 10 Microwave Frequency Counting.- 10.1 Basics of digital frequency counters.- 10.2 Microwave frequency counting.- 10.3 Performance of down-converted frequency counters.- Problems.- Further reading.- 11 Noise Measurement.- 11.1 Noise and noise figure.- 11.2 Effective input noise temperature.- 11.3 Measurement of noise.- 11.4 Noise source.- 11.5 Noise-figure measurement (single frequency).- 11.6 Wide-band noise-figure measurement.- 11.7 Noise-figure measurement at microwave frequencies.- 11.8 Single-sideband and double-sideband measurements.- 11.9 Summary.- Problems.- Further reading.- 12 Swept Measurements and Network Analysers.- 12.1 Network analysis.- 12.2 Signal source for swept measurements.- 12.3 Vector or scalar measurement?.- 12.4 Scalar network analysis.- 12.5 Other scalar network-analyser systems.- 12.6 Vector network analyser.- 12.7 Source synchronization.- 12.8 Power-splitter circuit.- Problems.- Further reading.