Preface; Introduction; 1. Republics, monarchies and the philosophy of human society; 2. Rousseau and the origins of the 'current malaise of the world'; 3. Montesquieu's system and reforms in Russia; 4. The Bildung of humanity and modern virtue; 5. German freedom and modern liberty; 6. The vocation of poets, pastors and philosophers; 7. State-Machines, commerce and the progress of Humanität in Europe; 8. Perpetual peace and purified patriotism; Conclusion.