Herbicides and Plant Physiology

ISBN-13: 9781119157694 / Angielski / Miękka / 2022 / 400 str.

Cobb, Andrew H.; Reade, John P. H.

Spis treści

Preface1. An Introduction to Weed Biology1.1 Introduction1.2 Distribution1.3 The importance of weeds1.4 Problems caused by weeds1.5 Biology of weeds1.6 A few examples of problem weeds1.7 Positive attributes of weeds1.8 The ever-changing weed spectrum1.9 Weed ControlReferences2. Herbicide Discovery and Development2.1 Introduction2.2 Markets2.3 Prospects2.4 Environmental impact and relative toxicology2.5 Chemophobia2.6 The search for novel active ingredients2.7 The search for novel target sites2.8 Mode of action studies2.9 The role of natural chemistry2.10 Recent developments2.11 A lower limit for rates of herbicide applicationReferences3. Herbicide Uptake and Movement3.1 Introduction3.2 The cuticle as a barrier to foliar uptake3.3 Physico-chemical aspects of foliar uptake3.4 Herbicide formulation3.5 Uptake by roots from soil3.6 Herbicide translocation from roots to shoots3.7 A case study: The formulation of acids3.8 The formulation of glyphosate3.9 Further developmentsReferences4. Herbicide Selectivity and Metabolism4.1 Introduction4.2 General principles4.3 Herbicide safeners and synergistsReferences5. Herbicides That Inhibit Photosynthesis5.1 Introduction5.2 Photosystems5.3 Inhibition at Photosystem II5.4 Photodamage and repair of Photosystem II5.5 Structures and uses of Photosystem II inhibitors5.6 Interference with electron flow at Photosystem I5.7 RuBisCO activase5.8 How treated plants die5.9 Chlorophyll fluorescence5.10 Inhibition of photosynthetic carbon reduction in C4 plantsReferences6. Inhibition of Pigment Biosynthesis6.1 Introduction: Structures and functions of photosynthetic pigments6.2 Inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis6.3 Inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis6.4 Inhibition of plastoquinone biosynthesis6.5 How treated plants die6.6 Selectivity and metabolism6.7 SummaryReferences7. Auxin-Type Herbicides7.1 Introduction7.2 Structure and uses of auxin-type herbicides7.3 Auxin, a natural plant growth regulator7.4 Biosynthesis and metabolism of auxins7.5 Auxin receptors, gene expression and herbicides7.6 Signal transduction7.7 Auxin transport7.8 Resistance to auxin-type herbicides7.9 An "auxin overdose"7.10 How treated plants die7.11 Selectivity and metabolismReferences8. Inhibitors of Lipid Biosynthesis8.1 Introduction8.2 Structures and uses of graminicides8.3 Inhibition of lipid biosynthesis8.4 Activity of graminicides in mixtures8.5 How treated plants die8.6 Plant oxylipins: Lipids with key roles in plant defence and development8.7 SelectivityReferences9. Inhibition of Amino Acid Biosynthesis9.1 Introduction9.2 Overview of amino acid biosynthesis in plants9.3 Inhibition of glutamine synthetase9.4 Inhibition of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis9.5 Inhibition of branch-chain amino acid biosynthesis9.6 Inhibition of histidine biosynthesisReferences10. Disruption of the Plant Cell Cycle10.1 Introduction10.2 The plant cell cycle10.3 Control of the plant cell cycle10.4 Microtubule structure and function10.5 Herbicidal interference with microtubules10.6 SelectivityReferences11. The Inhibition of Cellulose Biosynthesis11.1 Introduction11.2 Cellulose biosynthesis11.3 Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors11.4 How treated plants die11.5 SelectivityReferences12. Plant kinases, phosphatases and Stress Signalling12.1 Introduction12.2 Plant kinases12.3 Plant phosphatases12.4 Cyclin-dependent kinases and plant stress12.5 Post-translational modification of proteinsReferences13. Herbicide Resistance13.1 Introduction13.2 Definition of herbicide resistance13.3 How herbicide resistance occurs13.4 A chronology of herbicide resistance13.5 Mechanisms of resistance13.6 Case Study: Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds)13.7 Strategies for the control of herbicide-resistant weeds13.8 The future development of herbicide-resistanceReferences14. Herbicide-Tolerant Crops14.1 Introduction14.2 History of genetically-modified, herbicide-tolerant crops14.3 How genetically-modified crops are produced14.4 Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerance to glyphosate14.5 Genetically-modified herbicide-tolerance to glufosinate14.6 Genetically-modified herbicide-tolerance to bromoxynil14.7 Genetically-modified herbicide-tolerance to sulphonylureas14.8 Genetically-modified herbicide-tolerance to 2,4-D14.9 Genetically-modified herbicide-tolerance to fops and dims14.10 Genetically-modified herbicide -tolerance to phytoene desaturase inhibitors14.11 Herbicide-tolerance due to engineering of enhanced metabolism14.12 Herbicide-tolerance through means other than genetic modification14.13 Gene editing14.14 Economic, environmental and human health benefits from the adoption of GM technology14.15 Gene stacking14.16 Will the rise of glyphosate be inevitably followed by a fall?14.17 Why is there so much opposition to GM technology?14.18 Future prospectsReferences15. Further Targets For Herbicide Development15.1 Introduction15.2 Protein turnover15.3 The promotion of ageing in weeds?15.4 Herbicide leads at the apicoplast15.5 Control of seed germination and dormancy15.6 Natural products as leads for new herbicidesReferencesGlossaryIndex

O autorze

Andrew H. Cobb, Formerly Emeritus Professor of Plant Science, Dean of Academic Affairs and Director of Research at Harper Adams University, Shropshire, UK.