Hegel--From Foundation to System: From Foundations to System

ISBN-13: 9789400988682 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 234 str.

D. Lamb

Opis

One of the guiding thoughts throughout this work is that G. W. F. Hegel is the philosopher of the modern age, that subsequent phil osophers, whether or not they have read his works, must take their stand in relation to Hegel. My purpose is not only to present Hegel, but to show that his influence has been felt for some time, even though his presence has not been explicitly acknowledged. In spite of a recent revival in Heglian scholarship, the history of philosophy in the English-speaking world is generally obscured by a period of darkness between Kant and the early inquiries of Russell and Frege. A place is assigned to Mill and Bentham, but even today very few Anglo-Saxon philosophers would be prepared to recognise Marx as a philosopher, although it is widely held that Marx was in some way influenced by Hegel, which is probably a good reason for not paying too much attention to the latter. At best, an understand ing of Hegel is relevant to an understanding of Marx, but it is not considered that Hegel made a significant contribution to the main stream of Western philosophy from Descartes onwards, and it is assumed that he is of little relevance to the 'linguistic revolution' pioneered by Wittgenstein, Ryle, and Austin."

Spis treści

One: The Foundations of Knowledge.- I. Foundations.- 1. Foundation and edifice.- 2. What is the point of mapping out the foundations, or limits, of human knowledge?.- 3. What is the point of an introduction?.- 4. The logical circle of critical philosophy.- 5. Reinhold’s attempt to break the logical circle: Dynamic foundations.- 6. The fear of error.- 7. The organon theory of knowledge: Knowledge as a medium or instrument.- 8. The presuppositions of critical philosophy.- 9. Nietzsche’s answer: Perspectivism and the denial of the absolute.- II. System.- 1. Knowledge as a system.- 2. From explanation to description: Wittgenstein.- 3. From explanation to description: Hegel.- 4. The path to the absolute.- Two: The Foundations of Morality.- III. The Trial and Death of Socrates in Hegel’s History of Philosophy.- 1. The Socratic principle.- 2. The accusations against Socrates.- 3. The relationship of the accused to the charges.- 4. The death of Socrates and the competency of the prosecution.- 5. The necessity of Socrates’ martyrdom.- 6. Dialectic and tragedy.- Three: The Foundations of Language.- IV. Language and Empirical Realism.- 1. Objective foundations.- 2. Realism.- 3. Solipsism.- 4. The adequacy of language.- 5. Language games.- Four: The Foundations of Science.- V. Idealism and Abstract Idealism.- 1. Abstract idealism.- 2. Taking seriously and taking literally.- VI. The Metamorphoses of Empiricism.- 1. Observing reason.- 2. Reason’s instinct: The metaphysical presuppositions of empiricism.- 3. Observation and science.- Five: The System of Nature.- VII. Observation of Organic Nature (A).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Mechanism and vitalism.- 3. The supersession of mechanism and vitalism.- 4. The organism as a system.- 5. Observation and ecological classification.- 6. Observation and teleological classification: The ‘teleological relation’.- VIII. Observation of Organic Nature (B): Inner as Inner and Outer; Outer as Inner and Outer.- 1. Inner as inner and outer.- 2. Outer as inner and outer.- 3. The relationship of the individual to life.- 4. Society and the concept of system.- 5. Conclusion: Synopsis of the remaining sections of Reason and the transition to Spirit.- Six: The System of Philosophy.- IX. Revealed Religion and Absolute Knowledge.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Revealed religion and philosophical understanding.- 3. The absolute.- X. Hegel And Wittgenstein on the Medium and Method of Philosophy.- 1. The medium.- 2. The method.- XI. The Philosophical Proposition.- 1. Hegel, Wittgenstein, and ordinary language.- 2. The overcoming of the subject-predicate form.- 3. The philosophical proposition.- 4. Philosophy and commonsense.- 5. The ‘effort of the concept’.- Notes.- Name Index.