Hearing Mechanisms and Speech: Ebbs-Workshop, Göttingen, April 26-28, 1979

ISBN-13: 9783540096559 / Angielski / Miękka / 1979 / 414 str.

O. Creutzfeldt; H. Scheich; C. Schreiner

Opis

o. D. CREUTZFELDT, Max-Planck-Institut fUr Biophysikalische Chern ie, D-3400 G6ttingen, FRG In the name of the European Brain and Behaviour Society (EBBS) and the Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, I welcome you to this workshop on Hearing Mechanisms and Speech. It is the aim of EBBS, to tackle brain mechanisms of complex behavioral performances. Language is certainly a complex - haviour, and understanding of language as well. Through language an individual is able to express the internal p- cesses within his brain in symbols of this experience and communicate them to others. This implies also the description of the world in which we live in as far as this world induces, through the sensory organs, activities in our brains. This symbolical representation of the world is, in itself, a real world to which our brain relates itself, in creating and in understanding it (Creutzfeldt, 1979). Therefore, any s- cific language influences thinking and broader aspects of behaviour, and this may explain some of the differences as found between language populations (Herder, 1772iHumboldt, 1836). In as much as the function of language is a symbolical rep- sentation of reality, it must be able to describe this reality, sufficiently and generally. In so far, the rules to which any XIII language is subjected, are dictated by the reality to which we relate ourself through language. These rules are general, and therefore general rules or a universal grammar may be generated, common to all languages (Chomsky, 1965).

Spis treści

I) Functional and structural conditions for transmission of auditory signals in the nervous system..- Basic mechanisms of auditory processing in the cochlea.- On the peripheral coding of the level of individual frequency components of complex sounds at high sound levels.- Universal mechanical response curves for the cochlea.- The human cochlea nuclei.- Coding of complex sounds in the auditory nervous system.- Embryological evolution and typology of cells of the inferior colliculus.- Functional and topographic organization of the auditory cortex.- II) The representation of complex natural sounds in the auditory system..- Neural image of sound in the grassfrog.- Spectro-temporal analysis of auditory neurons in the grassfrog.- Tonotopy and analysis of wide-band calls in field L of the guinea fowl.- Selective responses of neurons to vowel sounds in the auditory neostriatum of the mynah bird.- The increase of response selectivity within the avian auditory pathway.- Encoding of complex sounds by thalamic and cortical neurons.- Time segmentation in central analysis of complex signals.- Temporal suppression and speech processing.- Feature detection by single units in squirrel monkey auditory cortex.- Processing of self-produced vocalizations by single neurons in the auditory cortex of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri Sciureus).- Encoding processes of speech sounds in the auditory system.- Verb and noun meaning of homophone word activate different cortical generators: a topographical study of evoked potential fields.- III) Brain mechanisms of speech perception and production..- Anatomical and functional cerebral organization of phonation in animals.- Basal ganglia participation in aphasia.- Participation of mesial cortex in speech: evidence from cerebral potentials preceding speech production in man.- Electrical stimulation mapping of language cortex.- Human language cortex: identification of common sites for sequencing motor activity and speech discrimination.- Studies on language comprehension in hemispherectomy, split brain and asphasic patients. A possible contribution to the knowledge of the physiological mechanisms of speech comprehension.- Timing in speech production: aspects of (German) hesitation vowels.- Inborn vocalizations of the human baby and communicative value for the mother.- IV) Psychoacoustic elements in language..- What acoustic stimulation can teach us about physiological mechanisms underlying speech perception.- An outline of pitch analysis in speech: a hearing theory approach.- Pitch determination of speech signals — a survey.- Virtual pitch and our own voice.- On the perception of spectral information in speech.- Perceptual difference limens in pair-comparison of complex (speech-related) signals.- V) Linguistic elements in speech perception..- Aspects of categorical processing of speech sounds in man: on the determinants of phonetic category boundaries.- Selective adaptation of acoustic and phonetic feature sensitive detectors.- Speech sounds in realtion to speech processing.- Perceptual grouping of speech components.- Aspects of the temporal relationship between speech- and word-recognition processes.- The acquisiton of grammar.- VI) Receptive defects of linguistic elements in aphasia..- Auditory agnosia after lesions of the superior temporal gyrus in monkey and man.- Selective impairment of perception of articulatory place in a case of cortical auditory disorder.- Phonemic auditory discrimination and articulatory defects in aphasia.- Comprehension of natural sounds in aphasia.- Lexical and syntactic factors in language comprehension of aphasic patients.- Interaural integration in the perception of complete and truncated words by brain damaged and control subjects.- Auditory analogue of deep dyslexia.- The influence of prosodic features in language comprehension in aphasic patients.