About the Authors ixAcknowledgements xiChapter 1 Introduction 1Organization 2Design Exercises 2Additional Resources 2Getting the Most Out of This Book 3Companion Website 3Additional Resources 3Chapter 2 Evidence-based Design 5What Is Evidence-based Design (EBD) 5Origins of Evidence-based Design - A Brief History 5Importance to Design 6Principles and Process 7Attributes of Evidence-based Designers 8Associated Organizations 9Additional Resources 9Chapter 3 General Elements of Healthcare 11History of the US Medical System 11Codes, Regulations and Industry Standards 12Specialized Facility and Mechanical Requirements 12Specialized Demands on Healthcare Workers 18The Built Environment's Role 18Additional Resources 19Chapter 4 Holistic Analysis 21Stakeholders 21Operating Standards, Codes, Profitability + Administrator's Perspectives 22Holistic Analysis 22Holistic Analysis of the Typology and Its Stakeholders 23Case or Precedent Studies 24Interviewing and Observation 25Integrative Design 26Summary 27Additional Resources 27Chapter 5 Room Requirements 29Prototypical Space Requirements for Areas Found in Most Healthcare Facilities 29Technology 51Resilience 51Additional Resources 52Chapter 6 Major Specialties 53Pediatrics 53Dentistry 55Gerontology 59Palliative Care 61Psychological + Psychiatric Practice 61Orthopedic Offices 63Internal Medicine 65Alternative + Naturopathic Medicine 66Additional Resources 68Chapter 7 Group Practices 71Single Specialty Group Practices 71Multiple Specialty Group Practices 71Employed Physician Practices 72General Considerations 72Typical Shared Functions and Components 74Additional Resources 77Chapter 8 Clinic Practices 79Community Health or Care Clinics 80Urgent Care Facilities 82Facility Specific Treatment Spaces 84Additional Resources 85Chapter 9 Specialized Ambulatory Centers 87Ambulatory Surgery 88Physical Therapy 91Cancer Treatment Centers 93Dialysis or Kidney Treatment Centers 96Additional Resources 98Chapter 10 Architectural Considerations 101Sustainability 101Structural Systems 103Shell or Exterior Envelope 104Mechanical Equipment + Technology 105Interior Construction 106Materials 111Medical Equipment + Technology 111Adaption + Resilience 112Codes 113Additional Resources 113Chapter 11 Lighting 115Review of Basic Lighting Principles 115Natural Light 116Artificial Light 119Occupant Concerns 119Additional Resources 123Chapter 12 Interior Finishes + Furniture 125Healthcare-Specific Considerations 125Interior Finishes 127Furniture 129Additional Resources 131Chapter 13 Biophilia 133What It Is....and What It's Not 133Why Biophilia Is Important 134Integrating Biophilic Elements 138Attributes + Elements of Biophila 138Application in Healthcare Facilities 141Additional Resources 141References 142Chapter 14 Health + Well-Being 143What Is Well-Being + Why Is It Important 143Implications for Medical Facilities 143Elements + Strategies in Healthcare Settings 144Rating Systems that Address Well-Being 148Foundations of a Healthy Building 149Long-term Implications 150Additional Resources 150Appendix I Base Plans 153Appendix II Assignments and Exercises 161Glossary 173Index 181
Mark Karlen (1929-2022) was an architect, educator, and author with extensive experience working in and teaching in the field of interior architecture. His other titles include Lighting Design Basics, Space Planning Basics, and Sustainable Design Basics.Saglinda H Roberts is an Assistant Professor in the Interior Architecture program at Chatham University and has over 30 years of extensive experience in a broad range of project typologies. Her focused research is on the holistic analysis and integration of stakeholder needs.Kyra K Tucker is Chair of the Interior Architecture & Immersive Media programs at Chatham University and the principal of Kyra Tucker + Associates Interior Design. She has over sixteen years' experience working in commercial and healthcare design.