Heads, Jaws, and Muscles: Anatomical, Functional, and Developmental Diversity in Chordate Evolution

ISBN-13: 9783319935591 / Angielski / Twarda / 2019 / 303 str.

Janine M. Ziermann; Raul E. Diaz Jr; Rui Diogo

Opis

In this book, experts will join forces to integrate, for the first time, state-of-the-art knowledge on the anatomy, development, function, diversity, and evolution of the head and jaws and their muscles within all major groups of extant vertebrates.

Recenzje

"The clear sound scientific data and the expertise of the authors make this book surprisingly amusing, considering that many complex scientific issues are considered here. As this book comfortably rides between popularization and science, it is appropriate not only for scientist working in the field, but also for graduate and postgraduate students seeking to improve basic knowledge on the issues." (Virginia Abdala, Mastozoología Neotropical, Vol. 26 (1), 2019)
"This edited volume explores the anatomy, development, function, and evolution of the head, skeleton, and musculature of chordates. ... it is an excellent, up-to-date reference and resource for advanced students and professional scholars of vertebrate anatomy and paleontology. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Graduate students and researchers." (T. Harrison, Choice, Vol. 56 (12), August, 2019)

Spis treści

Table of contents: Introduction – Ziermann, Diaz, Diogo

-        Janine M. Ziermann: Howard University College of Medicine, Dept. Anatomy,

-        Rui Diogo: Howard University College of Medicine, Dept. Anatomy,

-        Raul E. Diaz Jr.: La Sierra University, Dept. Biology;

Why is this book interesting for a broad audience?

-        Presenting, some extreme cases of heads:

o   size: elephant – largest land mammal, blue whale – largest mammal in general; Paedophryne amauensis – smallest vertebrate and smallest amphibian; smallest fish is Paedocypris progenetica

o   feeding adaptations:

§  filter feeder (e.g., amphioxus, most forage fish, baleen whales, flamingos)

§  herbivores, carnivore, omnivore (e.g., giraffe, lion, bear; or cow, alligator, rhea)

§  microphagues, megalophagues (e.g., filter feeders vs. Lepidobatrachus – can eat prey its own size!)   

-        Diversity of not only feeding modes but also sensory adaptations (e.g., large orbits for nocturnal or deep see specimens)

-        All vertebrates are linked – evo-devo!

o   recent discoveries show that some developmental mechanisms are conserved from earliest chordate to humans (e.g., cardiopharyngeal field)

-        This book is for everyone that has interest in the diversification, evolution and development of “Heads, Jaws and Muscles”.

o   Present idea about emergence of new head at end BUT with Amphioxus and urochordates having already many components of vertebrate head, such as branchiomeric muscles, gills in amphioxus, etc.

o   So emerging question (for the purpose of the story) Where / When did the head evolve? Include fossils, etc.

 

Chapters

1.                Cephalochordates –Daniel Aldea, Stephanie Bertrand & Hector Escriva

UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7232, BIOM, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls sur Mer

1. Amphioxus already has a head (branchiomeric) muscles and other head structures (gills etc.)
2. refer to recent studies of muscle development of Yasui et al., of Hector's team on anterior somites, etc.
Urochordates and their importance for understanding the evolution of the vertebrate head and head muscles  – Rui Diogo; Howard University College of Medicine
1. Urochordates closest relatives to vertebrates
2. What do they teach us about evolution and development in vertebrates? cardiopharyngeal field, etc.
Early vertebrate and gnathostome fossils, and the emergence of jaws: You three, any order of names is ok for us Zerina Johanson; Dept. Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum London, Kate Trinajstic; Dept. Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia; Per E. Ahlberg; Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University
1. What are the main “innovations” towards vertebrates, and then towards gnathostomes?
2. Summary of fossils, etc.
3. Where did the jaw come from? Fossils and associated muscles, etc.Transitions to vertebrates, including fossils? –
1. Cyclostomes – Janine Ziermann; Howard University College of Medicine, Dept. Anatomy)
1. Ziermann & Diogo's suggested ideas to head/neck muscle evolution in cyclostomes and compared to gnathostomes inferred plesiomorphic muscle repertoire
2. Miyashita's idea about derived similarity of mandibular and other branchial arches
2. Chondrichthyans - Peter Johnston; Department of Anatomy with Radiology, University of Auckland & Catherine Boisvert; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), EMBL Monash University
1. What makes them so special?
3. Actinopterygians – Allesia Huby & Eric Parmentier; Laboratoire Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Institut de Chimie
1. Actinopterygians are the most diverse vertebrates, diverse – some with highly specialized heads and jaws and associated muscles
4. Sarcopterygians - Alice Clement; Flinders University, Biological Sciences
1. Adaptations that come in handy for water-land-transition? Focus on head/neck and head/neck muscles.
2. Include transition to tetrapods
Amphibians – Janine Ziermann; Howard University College of Medicine, Dept. Anatomy
1. Present diversity of head / neck structures as adaptation to feeding types, size, and/or other factors
2. First on land – “challenges” with new environment (holding head above ground – neck; feeding – jaw musculature”)
3. Specializations: biphasic lifestyle vs. direct development; burrowing (Gymniophiona) vs. diversity in salamander and frogs
Chelonians – Ingmar Werneburg + Gabriel S. Ferreira; Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP) at Eberhard Karls Universität
1. Present diversity of head / neck structures as adaptation to feeding types, size, and/or other factors
2. How to turtles contribute to the understanding of head / head muscle development and evolution?
Lepidosaurians (Squamata and Rhynchocephalia) – Raul E. Diaz Jr; La Sierra University, Dept. Biology;
1. Present diversity of head / neck structures as adaptation to feeding types, size, and/or other factors
3. Archosaurs (Crocodylians and Aves, Dinosaurs) – Arkhat Abzhanov; Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London
1. Present diversity of head / neck structures as adaptation to feeding types, size, and/or other factors
Include dinosaurs’, particularly comparing their heads/jaws with crocodilians and birds, and including head/jaw muscles if possible
4. Mammals, incl. Primates and Humans – Rui Diogo; Howard University College of Medicine, Dept. Anatomy
1. Major innovations related to transition to mammals – licking, suckling, closure of post-orbital foramina due to growth of sphenoid bone – resulting changes in musculature?
General development of mammalian muscles, based on mice
2. Include human birth defects of the head

 

Conclusions/summary/outlook: Ziermann, Diogo, Diaz Conclusion

-        Summary

-        Major open questions that are currently under investigation

-        Where to go from here: Outlook

O autorze

Janine Ziermann is an Assistant Professor at the Howard University College of Medicine in Washington, DC. She received her PhD in Germany studying the evolution and development of head muscles in larval amphibians. This was followed by a postdoc in the Netherlands and one in the USA to further study vertebrates. Her research focuses on the evolution and development of the cardiopharyngeal field, a field that gives rise to head, neck, and heart musculature. Additionally, she aims to use the knowledge from her research to understand the pathology of congenital defects, which often affect both head and heart structures. She won several awards, including the ‘American Association of Anatomists (AAA) and the Keith and Marion Moore Young Anatomist’s Publication Award’ (YAPA). Furthermore, she single-authored or co-authored more than 30 papers in top journals such as Nature, Biological Reviews, books, book chapters, and commentaries. 

Raul E. Diaz, Jr. is an Assistant Professor at Southeastern Louisiana University and a Research Associate at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. He received his BS from the University of California at Berkeley and his MA from the University of Kansas where he studied frog skeletal development through metamorphosis. His PhD was completed through the University of Kansas Medical Center though his research was conducted at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research where he developed the veiled chameleon as a useful model for studying squamates reptile embryonic development. His research has meandered through his academic career from tropical field biology and systematics to anatomy and cell biology, development and genomics of reptiles and amphibians and now combines all these disciplines (as well as modern techniques in microscopy and imaging) to bridge the disciplines of comparative morphology, development and biomedical research.

Rui Diogo, Associate Professor at the Howard University College of Medicine, was one of the youngest researchers to be nominated as Fellow of the American Association of Anatomists, and won several prestigious awards, being the only researcher selected for first/second places for best article of the year in the top anatomical journal, two times in just three years (2013/2015). He is single-author or co-author of more than 100 papers in top journals such as Nature, and of numerous book chapters. Furthermore, he is the co-editor of five books and the sole or first author of thirteen books covering subjects as diverse as fish evolution, chordate development, human medicine and pathology, and the links between evolution and behavioral ecology. One of these books was adopted at medical schools worldwide, "Learning and understanding human anatomy and pathology: an evolutionary and developmental guide for medical students", and another one has been often listed as one of the best ten books on evolutionary biology in 2017, "Evolution driven by organismal behavior: a unifying view of life, function, form, mismatches, and trends".

Blurb

The vertebrate head is the most complex part of the animal body and its diversity in nature reflects a variety of life styles, feeding modes, and ecological adaptations. This book will take you on a journey to discover the origin and diversification of the head, which evolved from a seemingly headless chordate ancestor. Despite their structural diversity, heads develop in a highly conserved fashion in embryos. Major sensory organs like the eyes, ears, nose, and brain develop in close association with surrounding tissues such as bones, cartilages, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Ultimately, this integrated unit of tissues gives rise to the complex functionality of the musculoskeletal system as a result of sensory and neural feedback, most notably in the use of the vertebrate jaws, a major vertebrate innovation only lacking in hagfishes and lampreys. The cranium subsequently further diversified during the major transition from fishes living in an aquatic environment to tetrapods living mostly on land. In this book, experts will join forces to integrate, for the first time, state-of-the-art knowledge on the anatomy, development, function, diversity, and evolution of the head and jaws and their muscles within all major groups of extant vertebrates. Considerations about and comparisons with fossil taxa, including emblematic groups such as the dinosaurs, are also provided in this landmark book, which will be a leading reference for many years to come.