Section I. Historical Perspectives and Basic Science of the Thyroid Gland 1 The Evolution of Thyroid Surgery 2 Embryology of the Thyroid Gland 3 Thyroid Physiology and Thyroid Function Testing 4 Pathology of Thyroid Gland Neoplasia 5 Molecular Characterization of Thyroid Neoplasia 6 Thyroid Cytopathology 7 Medical Management of Thyroiditis and Hypothyroidism 8 Medical Management of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma 9 Hyperthyroidism: Graves' Disease and Toxic Nodules 10 The Contemporary Workup of the Thyroid Nodule Section II. Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease 11 Decision-Making and Perioperative Assessment in Thyroid Surgery 12 Anesthesia Considerations for Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery 13 Preoperative Imaging Applications in the Central Neck 14 Preoperative Evaluation of Cervical Lymph Nodes 15 Preoperative Examination of the Larynx in Thyroid Surgery 16 The Professional Voice and Thyroid Surgery: Special Considerations Section III. Specific Surgical Applications for Thyroid Disease 17 Surgery for Ectopic Thyroid Tissue and Thyroglossal Duct Cyst 18 Surgery for Graves' Disease and Hyperthyroidism 19 Cervical and Mediastinal Goiter 20 Thyroid Cancer: Risk Assessment and Stratification 21 Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid 22 Management of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma 23 Follicular and Hürthle Carcinoma of the Thyroid 24 Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Sporadic, Familial and MEN Syndromes 25 Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma 26 Lymphoma and Lymphoproliferative Disorders of the Thyroid Gland 27 Pediatric Thyroid Cancer 28 Surgery for Locally Aggressive Thyroid Cancer 29 Hereditary Nonmedullary Thyroid Carcinoma Section IV. Special Considerations and Techniques in Thyroid Surgery 30 Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy (MIVAT) 31 Surgical Anatomy of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve 32 Surgical Anatomy and Monitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve 33 Central Neck Dissection: Indications and Technique 34 Lateral Neck Dissection: Indications and Technique 35Thyroid Radiofrequency Ablation of Benign Nodules 36 Transoral Thyroid Surgery 37 Facelift Approach to Thyroid Surgery 38 Robotically Assisted Thyroid Surgery 39 Revision Thyroid Surgery 40 Management of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis: Injury and Intraoperative Repair Section V. Postoperative Considerations and Therapy 41 Postoperative Management in Thyroid Surgery (Normal and Complicated) 42 Radioactive Iodine Applications 43 External Beam Radiation Therapy for Thyroid Malignancy 44 Treatment of Advanced Thyroid Cancer: The Era of Targeted Modalities 45 Ethical and Medicolegal Aspects of Thyroid Surgery 46 Thyroid Cancer Survivorship Section VI. Historical Perspectives and Basic Science of the Parathyroid 47 The History of Parathyroid Surgery 48 Embryology of the Parathyroid Glands 49 Pathology of the Parathyroid Glands 50 Parathyroid Physiology and Calcium Homeostasis 51 Parathyroid Imaging and Preoperative Localization 52 Medical Management of Parathyroid Disease Section VII. Surgical Management of Parathyroid Disease 53 Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Pathophysiology and Surgical Indications 54 Surgical Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism 55 Conventional Four-Gland Parathyroid Exploration 56 Radioguided Parathyroid Surgery 57 Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Assessment and Applications 58 Surgical Management of Multiglandular Hyperparathyroidism 59 Surgical Management of Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism 60 Familial Hyperparathyroidism and the MEN Syndromes: Parathyroid Management 61 Management of Parathyroid Carcinoma 62 Unsuccessful and Revision Parathyroid Surgery Appendices Appendix A: S