Handbook of Safety Principles

ISBN-13: 9781118950692 / Angielski / Twarda / 2018 / 832 str.

Niklas Moller; Sven Ove Hansson; Jan–Erik Holmberg

Opis

Safety principles are paramount for a structured handling of safety concerns in all technological systems, and tThis handbook captures and discusses the multitude of safety principles in a structured and generally applicable manner. Professionals in the field of safety engineering rely on a vast amount of rules and principles in their safety work, and while some of these principles are made explicit, many are largely implicitly grasped in professionals' understanding of what needs to be done. The book is organized into the following five corresponding and overarching categories of safety principles: Safety Reserves; Information and Control; Demonstrability; Optimization; and Organizational Principles and Practices. With a focus on the structured treatment of a large number of safety principles relevant to all areas related to the field, each chapter defines the principle in question and discusses its application as well as how it relates to other principles and terms. This treatment includes its history, the underlying theory, and the limitations and criticism of the principle. The handbook goes beyond treating the central principles of safety as each chapter also problematizes and critically discusses the very concept of a safety principle. The book treats issues such as: What is a safety principle and what role does it play? What kinds of safety principles are there? Why principles rather than, say, adapting ad-hoc to the situation at hand? Can one principle, such as a cost/benefit principle, cover all other principles? If not, what are we to do when two or more principles come into conflict? When, if ever, should rules and principles be disobeyed? How do safety principles relate to the law: what is the status of principles in different domains? In addition, different taxonomies for how safety principles may be categorized are presented.

Spis treści

Preface xxv

List of Contributors xxvii

1 INTRODUCTION 1
Niklas Moller, Sven Ove Hansson, Jan–Erik Holmberg, and Carl Rollenhagen

2 PREVIEW 11
Niklas Moller, Sven Ove Hansson, Jan–Erik Holmberg, and Carl Rollenhagen

3 RESILIENCE ENGINEERING AND THE FUTURE OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT 25
Erik Hollnagel

4 DEFENSE–IN–DEPTH 42
Jan–Erik Holmberg

5 SAFETY BARRIERS 63
Lars Harms–Ringdahl and Carl Rollenhagen

6 FACTORS AND MARGINS OF SAFETY 87
Neelke Doorn and Sven Ove Hansson

Part II Information and Control 115

7 EXPERIENCE FEEDBACK 117
Urban Kjellen

8 RISK AND SAFETY INDICATORS 142
Drew Rae

9 PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING 164
Leena Norros and Paula Savioja

10 SAFETY AUTOMATION 196
Bjorn Wahlstrom

11 RISK COMMUNICATION 235
Jan M. Gutteling

12 THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE 258
Sven Ove Hansson

13 OPERATING PROCEDURE 284
Jinkyun Park

14 HUMAN MACHINE SYSTEM 305
Anna–Lisa Osvalder and H¢ªakan Alm

Part III Demonstrability 331

15 QUALITY PRINCIPLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO SAFETY 333
Bo Bergman

16 SAFETY CASES 361
Tim Kelly

17 INHERENTLY SAFE DESIGN 386
Rajagopalan Srinivasan and Mohd Umair Iqbal

18 MAINTENANCE, MAINTAINABILITY, AND INSPECTABILITY 397
Torbjorn Ylipaa, Anders Skoogh, and Jon Bokrantz

Part IV Optimization 415

19 ON THE RISK–INFORMED REGULATION FOR THE SAFETY AGAINST EXTERNAL HAZARDS 417
Pieter van Gelder

20 QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS 434
Jan–Erik Holmberg

21 QUALITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS 463
Risto Tiusanen

22 PRINCIPLES AND LIMITATIONS OF COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR SAFETY INVESTMENTS 493
Genserik Reniers and Luca Talarico

23 RAMS OPTIMIZATION PRINCIPLES 514
Yan–Fu Li and Enrico Zio

24 MAINTENANCE OPTIMIZATION AND ITS RELATION TO SAFETY 540
Roger Flage

25 HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS 565
Luca Podofillini

26 ALARA, BAT, AND THE SUBSTITUTION PRINCIPLE 593
Sven Ove Hansson

Part V Organizational Principles and Practices 625

27 SAFETY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES 627
Gudela Grote

28 SAFETY CULTURE 647
Teemu Reiman and Carl Rollenhagen

29 PRINCIPLES OF BEHAVIOR–BASED SAFETY 677
Steve Roberts and E. Scott Geller

30 PRINCIPLES OF EMERGENCY PLANS AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 711
Ann Enander

31 SAFETY STANDARDS: CHRONIC CHALLENGES AND EMERGING PRINCIPLES 732
Ibrahim Habli

32 MANAGING THE UNEXPECTED 747
Jean–Christophe Le Coze

References 772

Index 777

O autorze

NIKLAS MÖLLER, PhD, is Associate Professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. The author of approximately 20 international journal articles, Dr. Möller′s research interests include the philosophy of risk, metaethics, philosophy of science, and epistemology.

SVEN OVE HANSSON, PhD, is Professor of Philosophy at the Royal Institute of Technology. He has authored over 300 articles in international journals and is a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. Dr. Hansson is also a Topical Editor for the Wiley Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science.

JAN–ERIK HOLMBERG, PhD, is Senior Consultant at Risk Pilot AB and Adjunct Professor of Probabilistic Risk and Safety Analysis at the Royal Institute of Technology. Dr. Holmberg received his PhD in Applied Mathematics from Helsinki University of Technology in 1997.

CARL ROLLENHAGEN, PhD, is Adjunct Professor of Risk and Safety at the Royal Institute of Technology. Dr. Rollenhagen has performed extensive research in the field of human factors and MTO (Man, Technology, and Organization) with a specific emphasis on safety culture and climate, event investigation methods, and organizational safety assessment.

Blurb

Presents recent breakthroughs in the theory, methods, and applications of safety and risk analysis for safety engineers, risk analysts, and policy makers

Safety principles are paramount to addressing structured handling of safety concerns in all technological systems. This handbook captures and discusses the multitude of safety principles in a practical and applicable manner. It is organized by five overarching categories of safety principles: Safety Reserves; Information and Control; Demonstrability; Optimization; and Organizational Principles and Practices. With a focus on the structured treatment of a large number of safety principles relevant to all related fields, each chapter defines the principle in question and discusses its application as well as how it relates to other principles and terms. This treatment includes the history, the underlying theory, and the limitations and criticism of the principle. Several chapters also problematize and critically discuss the very concept of a safety principle. The book treats issues such as: What are safety principles and what roles do they have? What kinds of safety principles are there? When, if ever, should rules and principles be disobeyed? How do safety principles relate to the law; what is the status of principles in different domains? The book also features:

• Insights from leading international experts on safety and reliability
• Real–world applications and case studies including systems usability, verification and validation, human reliability, and safety barriers
• Different taxonomies for how safety principles are categorized
• Breakthroughs in safety and risk science that can significantly change, improve, and inform important practical decisions
• A structured treatment of safety principles relevant to numerous disciplines and application areas in industry and other sectors of society
• Comprehensive and practical coverage of the multitude of safety principles including maintenance optimization, substitution, safety automation, risk communication, precautionary approaches, non–quantitative safety analysis, safety culture, and many others

The Handbook of Safety Principles is an ideal reference and resource for professionals engaged in risk and safety analysis and research. This book is also appropriate as a graduate and PhD–level textbook for courses in risk and safety analysis, reliability, safety engineering, and risk management offered within mathematics, operations research, and engineering departments.