Handbook of Meningococcal Disease Management

ISBN-13: 9783319086279 / Angielski / Miękka / 2016 / 111 str.

Ian Feavers;Andrew Pollard;Manish Sadarangani

Opis

This concise pocketbook will provide readers with an overview and background of meningococcal disease, treatment options and emerging therapies, and methods of prevention. The book was originally commissioned due to recent developments in vaccinations to prevent meningococcal disease. This book reviews the disease progression and associated risk factors; its pathogenesis and diagnosis; methods of treatment and prevention, both current and emerging; and the future directions of meningococcal disease management. The book is ideal for busy healthcare professionals, as it covers all aspects of the disease and its treatment in a condensed and manageable format, whilst including the most up-to-date treatment guidelines and algorithms.

Recenzje

"This is an amazingly comprehensive 111-page review of a worldwide problem, meningococcal disease, which in some cases can be fatal. It covers all aspects of the disease from epidemiology and clinical presentation through prevention. ... The book targets a broad audience, ranging from medical and public health students to clinicians and research scientists. ... This is a small, high-quality book about a big problem. There is just enough science about meningococcal disease for clinicians ... ." (Rudolf Jan Kotula, Doody's Book Reviews, July, 2016)

Spis treści

1. Introduction and epidemiology of meningococcal disease

Neisseria meningitidis 

Disease surveillance 

Case fatality and sequelae 

Epidemiology of meningococcal disease 

Capsular groups causing disease 

Current issues 

Summary points 

References 

2. Carriage and transmission of Neisseria meningitidis

Introduction 

Detecting the carrier state

The natural history of meningococcal carriage

Epidemiology of carriage

Other Neisseria species

Effect of vaccination on carriage

Summary points

References 

3. Pathogenesis of invasive disease

Introduction

Transmission, adaptation, and penetration to the circulation

Neisseria meningitidis and intravascular survival

Meningococcemia: a disease of the endothelial cells

Pathophysiological characteristics of clinical presentations of meningococcal disease

The immune response

Summary points

References

4. Diagnosis of meningococcal disease

Introduction

Conventional diagnosis

Molecular diagnosis 

Typing of Neisseria meningitidis

Summary and future outlook

References

5. Clinical aspects of meningococcal disease

Introduction 

Clinical spectrum of disease

Symptoms of disease

Disease outcomes and prognosis 

Raising awareness of disease 

Genetic factors 

Summary points 

References

6. Treatment of meningococcal disease

Introduction

Shock

Raised intracranial pressure

Antibiotic therapy

Adjunctive therapies 

Where to manage children with meningococcal disease? 

Summary points 

References

7. Prevention of meningococcal disease through vaccination

Introduction 

Polysaccharide vaccines 

Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines 

Production and quality control of polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines

Immunological correlates of protection 

Capsular group B vaccines 

Summary points 

References

Appendix 

Management of bacterial meningitis in children and young people 

Management of meningococcal disease in children and young people

Early management of suspected bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia in immunocompetent adults

O autorze

Ian Feavers, PhD, is Head of Bacteriology at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), UK. He received his PhD from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. After graduating he undertook postdoctoral research in molecular genetics at the University of Sheffield and the Friedrich Miescher Institut in Basel. During the late 1990s, when new conjugate vaccines were being introduced, he headed the laboratory responsible for the control and standardization of meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines. He continues to oversee an active research program on the molecular genetics and immunology of meningococcal antigens. Because of his broad experience of bacterial vaccines and molecular biology, he has been closely involved with a number of meningococcal vaccine developments. He regularly contributes to WHO and EU guidelines, has been an advisor to the International Vaccine Institute’s typhoid conjugate vaccine initiative, and serves on the Public Health England invasive bacterial diseases forum. He is one of NIBSC’s observers on Joint Vaccination and Immunisation Committee (JCVI) and a member of the JCVI subgroups on meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines. He is a former editor of the Journal of Applied Microbiology and is currently an associate editor of Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics. He has over 100 publications, including peer reviewed research papers. He teaches on vaccine related courses at the University of London, University of Surrey, and is a Visiting Professor at Imperial College.

Andrew J Pollard, FRCPCH PhD, is Professor of Paediatric Infection and Immunity at the University of Oxford, Director of the Oxford Vaccine Group, Fellow of St Cross College, and Honorary Consultant Paediatrician at the Children’s Hospital, Oxford, UK. He obtained his medical degree at St Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical School, University of London in 1989 and trained in Paediatrics at Birmingham Children’s Hospital, UK, specializing in Paediatric Infectious Diseases at St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK and at British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. He obtained his PhD at St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK in 1999 studying immunity to Neisseria meningitidis in children and proceeded to work on anti-bacterial innate immune responses in children in Canada before returning to his current position at the University of Oxford, UK in 2001. He chaired the UK’s NICE meningitis guidelines development group, the NICE topic expert group developing quality standards for management of meningitis and meningococcal septicemia. He chairs the UK Department of Health’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation and the European Medicines Agency scientific advisory group on vaccines. His research includes the design, development and clinical evaluation of vaccines; including those for meningococcal disease and enteric fever and leads studies using a human challenge model of (para)typhoid. He also runs surveillance for invasive bacterial diseases and studies the impact of pneumococcal vaccines in children in Nepal. He has supervised 23 PhD students and his publications include over 300 manuscripts and books on various topics in pediatrics and infectious diseases.

Manish Sadarangani, MRCPCH, DPhil, is a Clinical Lecturer and Honorary Consultant in Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology at The Children’s Hospital, Oxford, UK. He completed his DPhil with the Oxford Vaccine Group in 2011, studying Opa proteins as a potential novel vaccine candidate for protection against capsular group B meningococcal disease, and completed a Fellowship in Paediatric Infectious Diseases in Vancouver, Canada in 2013. Current research interests include meningococcal disease, in particular the development of new meningococcal vaccines, childhood meningitis and encephalitis, the influence of the human microbiome on allergic and infectious disease, and antimicrobial stewardship.