Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change

ISBN-13: 9789811527593 / Angielski / Twarda / 2023 / 1190 str.

Hajime Akimoto

Spis treści

Part I Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers (Jun’ichi Kurokawa)

I-1 Emissions

        [Air pollutants (NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, CO, VOCs, PAH, BC, OC)]

 [Radiative Forcers (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFC)]

 [Natural emissions (biomass burning, volcanos, natural vegetation, wet lands)]

1.    Historical Global Emissions of Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers

2.    Recent trends of Emissions of Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers by Continent and Country

 

I-2 Instrumentation for Measurement of Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers

3.    Measurement of Gaseous Pollutants (O₃, SO₂, NO, NO₂, CO, VOC, PAH)

4.    Measurement of Gaseous Radiative Forcers (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFC)

5.    Measurement of Aerosols (Ions, OC, BC, inorganic elements)

6.    Measurement of Chemical Species of Organic Aerosols (POA, SOA)

 

Part II Air Pollution and its Impacts (Hiroshi Tanimoto)

II-1 Present Status of Air Quality and Air Pollution in a Global Perspective

   [Air Pollution by PM_2.5, O₃, NO_x/NO₃^- and SO₂/SO₄^2- focusing on Europe, North America and Asia]

7.    Regional and Local Air Pollution in Europe

8.    Regional and Local Air Pollution in North America

9.    Regional and Local Air Pollution in Asia

10. Regional and Local Air Pollution in Southern Hemisphere (Oceania, Latin America, Africa) 

11. Air Pollution in Arctic and Cryosphere                                                                                                                                               

 

II-2 Impacts of Air Pollution on Human Health

               [Respiratory, Cardiovascular Deseases and Carcinogenesis: Premature Deaths and Economic Loss]

12. Ozone/oxidants

13. Particulate Matter/PM_2.5

14. PAH

15. SO₂, NO₂

 

II-3 Impacts on Forest Trees and Agricultural Crops

16. Adverse Effects of Ozone for Forest Trees

17. Adverse Effects of Ozone for Agricultural Crops

 

II-4 Acidification and Eutrophication of Lakes, Rivers and Ecosystem

18. Historical Evidence of Aquatic Acidification in Europe and North America

19. Eutrophication of Aquatic system and Forest and Their Adverse Effects

 

 

Part III Air Quality and Climate Change (Toshihiko Takemura)

III-1 Recent Extreme Weather Events

[Human Loss and Economical Damages]  

20.                Intensified Tropical Cyclones, and Typhoons in Asia

21.                Intensified Hurricanes in North America and Caribbean Countries

22.                Flooding and Draught in Asia

23.                Flooding and Draught in Europe

24.                Flooding and Draught in North America

25.                Anomaly Weather in Other Continents 

26.                Climate change in Arctica

 

III-2 Historical Trends of Mixing Ratios and Radiative Forcing of Radiative Forcers

      [CO₂, CH₄, O₃, N₂O, BC, and PM]

27.                 Historical Trends of Atmospheric Mixing Ratios of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O

28.                Historical Trends of Atmospheric Mixing Ratios of O₃, BC, and PM  

 

III-3 What are Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) ?

            [CH₄, O₃, HFC and BC/OC]

[Basic Consideration on the Importance of Co-control of SLCPs and CO₂]

29.                Atmospheric Lifetime of Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers

30.   Relative Importance of CH₄, O₃, HFC/HCFC, and BC/OC on Radiative Forcing since Industrial Revolution

31.                Effect of SLCP Co-control with CO₂ for Future Global Warming

 

Part IV Mitigation of Air Pollution and Mid-term Climate Change (Kebin He)

IV-1 Energy Conversion and Energy Efficiency

[Past experiences of energy conversion to bring successful mitigation of air pollution] 

32.                Coal, Oil to Natural Gas

33.                Fossil Fuel to Renewable Energy

34.                Increase in Energy Efficiencies

 

IV-2 Clean Air Technologies

[Updated Technologies of Reducing Emissions of Air Pollutants and Radiative Forcers]     

35.                SO₂

36.                NO_x

37.                VOCs

38.                NH₃

39.                CH₄

40.                BC/OC

41.                HCFs and HCFCs

 

IV-3 International Initiative for Co-controlling Air Pollution and Climate Change

       [Policy-related issues]

42.                Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)

43.                Other Initiatives (UN Environment and Others ?)

O autorze

Dr. Hajime Akimoto received his B.S. in 1962 and Ph.D. in 1967 in physical chemistry from the Tokyo Institute of Technology. For his postdoctoral research he spent 3 years, 1969–1971, in the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Riverside, and worked on the chemistry of photochemical air pollution. In 1974 he joined the National Institute for Environmental Studies in Tsukuba, Japan, as the head of the Atmospheric Chemistry Section in the Atmospheric Environment Division, and then served as the chief of the Atmospheric Environment Division and Global Environment Division.

Subsequently, Dr. Akimoto moved to the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology at The University of Tokyo as a professor in 1993. In 2000, he joined the Frontier Research Center for Global Change, now under the Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology as the director of the Atmospheric Composition Research Program. After 2010 he served as director general of the Asia Center for Air Pollution Research in Niigata, Japan. Currently, he is a guest scientist at the National Institute for Environmental Studies.